Research School of Psychology.
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2021 Jan;120(1):57-83. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000243. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Risk taking is typically viewed through a lens of individual deficits (e.g., impulsivity) or normative influence (e.g., peer pressure). An unexplored possibility is that shared group membership, and the trust that flows from it, may play a role in reducing risk perceptions and promoting risky behavior. We propose and test a Social Identity Model of Risk Taking in eight studies (total = 4,708) that use multiple methods including minimal group paradigms, correlational, longitudinal, and experimental designs to investigate the effect of shared social identity across diverse risk contexts. Studies 1 and 2 provided evidence for the basic premise of the model, showing that ingroup members were perceived as posing lower risk and inspired greater risk taking behavior than outgroup members. Study 3 found that social identification was a moderator, such that effect of shared group membership was strongest among high identifiers. Studies 4 and 5 among festival attendees showed correlational and longitudinal evidence for the model and further that risk-taking was mediated by trust, not disgust. Study 6 manipulated the mediator and found that untrustworthy faces were trusted more and perceived as less risky when they were ingroup compared with outgroup members. Studies 7 and 8 identified integrity as the subcomponent of trust that consistently promotes greater risk taking in the presence of ingroup members. The findings reveal that a potent source of risk discounting is the group memberships we share with others. Ironically, this means the people we trust the most may sometimes pose the greatest risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
冒险行为通常被视为个体缺陷（例如，冲动）或规范影响（例如，同伴压力）的一个视角。一个尚未被探索的可能性是，共同的群体成员身份以及由此产生的信任可能在降低风险感知和促进冒险行为方面发挥作用。我们提出并在八项研究中检验了风险承担的社会认同模型（总样本量为 4708 人），这些研究使用了多种方法，包括最小群体范式、相关、纵向和实验设计，以调查在不同风险背景下共享社会认同的影响。研究 1 和 2 为该模型的基本前提提供了证据，表明内群体成员被认为风险较低，并且激发了比外群体成员更大的冒险行为。研究 3 发现社会认同是一个调节因素，即共享群体成员身份的影响在高认同者中最强。在节日参与者中进行的研究 4 和 5 提供了该模型的相关和纵向证据，进一步表明信任而不是厌恶感是风险承担的中介因素。研究 6 操纵了中介因素，发现当不可信的面孔是内群体成员而不是外群体成员时，人们会更信任这些面孔，并认为它们的风险较低。研究 7 和 8 确定了信任的正直成分是在有内群体成员存在时始终促进更大风险承担的子成分。研究结果表明，风险折扣的一个有力来源是我们与他人共享的群体成员身份。具有讽刺意味的是，这意味着我们最信任的人有时可能会带来最大的风险。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
