Al-Nussairawi Mohammed, Risa Anita, Garai Edina, Varga Emese, Szabó István, Csenki-Bakos Zsolt, Kriszt Balázs, Cserháti Mátyás
Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
Curr Microbiol. 2020 Sep;77(9):2430-2440. doi: 10.1007/s00284-020-02063-7. Epub 2020 Jun 5.
The biodegradation and biodetoxification ability of five prominent mycotoxins, namely aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin-A (OTA), zearalenone (ZON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and deoxynivalenol (DON) of Cupriavidus genus were investigated. Biological methods are the most appropriate approach to detoxify mycotoxins. The Cupriavidus genus has resistance to heavy metals and can be found in several niches such as root nodules and aquatic environments. The genus has 17 type strains, 16 of which have been investigated in the present study. According to the results, seven type strains can degrade OTA, four strains can degrade AFB1, four strains can degrade ZON and three strains can degrade T-2. None of the strains can degrade DON. The biodetoxification was measured using different biotests. SOS-chromotest was used for detecting the genotoxicity of AFB1, the BLYES test was used to evaluate the oestrogenicity of ZON, and the zebrafish embryo microinjection test was conducted to observe the teratogenicity of OTA, T-2 and their by-products. Two type strains, namely C. laharis CCUG 53908 and C. oxalaticus JCM 11285 reduced the genotoxicity of AFB1, whilst C. basilensis DSM 11853 decreased the oestrogenic of ZON. There were strains which were able to biodegrade more than two mycotoxins. Two strains degraded two mycotoxins, namely C. metalliduriens CCUG 13724 (AFB1, T-2) and C. oxalaticus (AFB1, ZON) whilst two strains C. pinatubonensis DSM 19553 and C. basilensis degraded three toxins (ZON, OTA, T-2) and C. numazuensis DSM 15562 degraded four mycotoxins (AFB1, ZON, OTA, T-2), which is unique a phenomenon amongst bacteria.
研究了贪铜菌属对黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZON）、T-2毒素（T-2）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）这五种主要霉菌毒素的生物降解和生物解毒能力。生物方法是霉菌毒素解毒的最合适方法。贪铜菌属对重金属具有抗性，可在根瘤和水生环境等多个生态位中发现。该属有17个模式菌株，本研究对其中16个进行了研究。结果表明，7个模式菌株可降解OTA，4个菌株可降解AFB1，4个菌株可降解ZON，3个菌株可降解T-2。没有菌株能降解DON。使用不同的生物测试来测定生物解毒作用。SOS-显色试验用于检测AFB1的遗传毒性，BLYES试验用于评估ZON的雌激素活性，进行斑马鱼胚胎显微注射试验以观察OTA、T-2及其副产物的致畸性。两株模式菌株，即拉哈贪铜菌CCUG 53908和草酸贪铜菌JCM 11285降低了AFB1的遗传毒性，而罗勒贪铜菌DSM 11853降低了ZON的雌激素活性。有能够降解两种以上霉菌毒素的菌株。两株菌株降解两种霉菌毒素，即金属贪铜菌CCUG 13724（AFB1、T-2）和草酸贪铜菌（AFB1、ZON），而两株菌株，即皮纳图博贪铜菌DSM 19553和罗勒贪铜菌降解三种毒素（ZON、OTA、T-2），沼津贪铜菌DSM 15562降解四种霉菌毒素（AFB1、ZON、OTA、T-2），这在细菌中是一种独特的现象。
