Cristaldi Marta, Mauceri Rodolfo, Campisi Giuseppina, Pizzo Giuseppe, Alessandro Riccardo, Tomasello Laura, Pitrone Maria, Pizzolanti Giuseppe, Giordano Carla
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 May 21;8:292. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00292. eCollection 2020.
In periodontal patients with jawbone resorption, the autologous bone graft is considered a "gold standard" procedure for the placing of dental prosthesis; however, this procedure is a costly intervention and poses the risk of clinical complications. Thanks to the use of adult mesenchymal stem cells, smart biomaterials, and active biomolecules, regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering represent a valid alternative to the traditional procedures.
In the past, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from periodontally compromised gingiva were considered a biological waste and discarded during surgical procedures. This study aims to test the osteoconductive activity of FISIOGRAFT Bone Granular and Matriderm collagen scaffolds on mesenchymal stem cells isolated from periodontally compromised gingiva as a low-cost and painless strategy of autologous bone tissue regeneration.
We isolated human mesenchymal stem cells from 22 healthy and 26 periodontally compromised gingival biopsy tissues and confirmed the stem cell phenotype by doubling time assay, colony-forming unit assay, and expression of surface and nuclear mesenchymal stem cell markers, respectively by cytofluorimetry and real-time quantitative PCR. Healthy and periodontally compromised gingival mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on FISIOGRAFT Bone Granular and Matriderm scaffolds, and cell viability and bone differentiation were then evaluated.
Even though preliminary, the results demonstrate that FISIOGRAFT Bone Granular is not suitable for growth and osteogenic differentiation of healthy and periodontally compromised mesenchymal stem cells, which, instead, are able to grow, homogeneously distribute, and bone differentiate in the Matriderm collagen scaffold.
Matriderm represents a biocompatible scaffold able to support the cell growth and osteodifferentiation ability of gingival mesenchymal stem cells isolated from waste gingiva, and could be employed to develop low-cost and painless strategy of autologous bone tissue regeneration.
在患有颌骨吸收的牙周病患者中，自体骨移植被认为是种植牙修复的“金标准”手术；然而，该手术成本高昂且存在临床并发症风险。由于成人间充质干细胞、智能生物材料和活性生物分子的应用，再生医学和骨组织工程成为传统手术的有效替代方案。
过去，从牙周受损牙龈中分离出的间充质干细胞在手术过程中被视为生物废弃物并被丢弃。本研究旨在测试FISIOGRAFT骨颗粒和Matriderm胶原蛋白支架对从牙周受损牙龈中分离出的间充质干细胞的骨传导活性，作为一种低成本且无痛的自体骨组织再生策略。
我们从22例健康和26例牙周受损的牙龈活检组织中分离出人间充质干细胞，并分别通过倍增时间测定、集落形成单位测定以及细胞荧光分析和实时定量PCR检测表面和核间充质干细胞标志物的表达来确认干细胞表型。将健康和牙周受损的牙龈间充质干细胞接种在FISIOGRAFT骨颗粒和Matriderm支架上，然后评估细胞活力和骨分化情况。
尽管是初步结果，但结果表明FISIOGRAFT骨颗粒不适合健康和牙周受损的间充质干细胞的生长和成骨分化，而这些细胞能够在Matriderm胶原蛋白支架中生长、均匀分布并进行骨分化。
Matriderm是一种生物相容性支架，能够支持从废弃牙龈中分离出的牙龈间充质干细胞的细胞生长和成骨分化能力，可用于开发低成本且无痛的自体骨组织再生策略。
