Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
Biomed Eng Online. 2023 Apr 3;22(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12938-023-01096-w.
Bone regeneration after injury or after surgical bone removal due to disease is a serious medical challenge. A variety of materials are being tested to replace a missing bone or tooth. Regeneration requires cells capable of proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue. Although there are many possible human cell types available for use as a model for each phase of this process, no cell type is ideal for each phase. Osteosarcoma cells are preferred for initial adhesion assays due to their easy cultivation and fast proliferation, but they are not suitable for subsequent differentiation testing due to their cancer origin and genetic differences from normal bone tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells are more suitable for biocompatibility testing, because they mimic natural conditions in healthy bone, but they proliferate more slowly, soon undergo senescence, and some subpopulations may exhibit weak osteodifferentiation. Primary human osteoblasts provide relevant results in evaluating the effect of biomaterials on cellular activity; however, their resources are limited for the same reasons, like for mesenchymal stem cells. This review article provides an overview of cell models for biocompatibility testing of materials used in bone tissue research.
骨损伤或因疾病而进行外科骨切除后的再生是一个严峻的医学挑战。目前正在测试各种材料以替代缺失的骨骼或牙齿。再生需要能够在骨组织中增殖和分化的细胞。尽管有许多可能的人类细胞类型可用于作为该过程每个阶段的模型，但没有一种细胞类型适合每个阶段。骨肉瘤细胞因其易于培养和快速增殖而优先用于初始黏附测定，但由于其癌症起源和与正常骨组织的遗传差异，它们不适合随后的分化测试。间充质干细胞更适合生物相容性测试，因为它们模拟了健康骨骼中的自然条件，但它们增殖更慢，很快就会衰老，一些亚群可能表现出较弱的成骨分化。原代人成骨细胞在评估生物材料对细胞活性的影响方面提供了相关结果；然而，由于与间充质干细胞相同的原因，其资源也有限。这篇综述文章概述了用于骨组织研究的材料的生物相容性测试的细胞模型。
