Sabouri Maryam, Shakibazadeh Elham, Mohebbi Bahram, Tol Azar, Yaseri Mehdi, Babaee Sohrab
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Cardio-Oncology Research Center, Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Oct 30;9:293. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_751_20. eCollection 2020.
Empowerment is an essential issue in women's lives. Powerful women can act successfully in health-related issues more than others. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) on health care empowerment among married women in reproductive age.
This randomized controlled trial was carried out among 488 reproductive-age women between 2018 and 2019 in Tehran, Iran. Participants were recruited using randomized cluster sampling and divided into intervention ( = 243) and control ( = 245) groups by random allocation. Data were collected using a self-administered researcher-made questionnaire based on TPB and Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire. Validity (content validity index = 0.87; content validity ratio = 0.89) and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed (α = 0.96). Intervention was implemented within four sessions (lasting 60 min) using eight health related scenarios based on TPB constructs. Baseline and post intervention data (6 months after the intervention) were analyzed by SPSS (Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using independent -test, Chi-squared test, Fisher's Exact test, Mann-Whitney, path analysis, and regression of generalized estimating equation model. < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results showed the mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 33.6 ± 7.1. Six months after the intervention, a significant difference was highlighted in health care empowerment domains as well as behavioral intention, attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control ( < 0.001) between intervention and control groups.
TPB-based educational intervention can significantly improve women's perception about health care empowerment. Tailoring and implementation of TPB-based intervention by health policy makers and health care providers is suggested to achieve better perception of empowerment toward receiving health care among women.
赋权是女性生活中的一个重要问题。有能力的女性在与健康相关的问题上比其他人更能成功行事。本研究旨在确定基于计划行为理论（TPB）设计的教育干预对育龄已婚女性医疗保健赋权的有效性。
2018年至2019年期间，在伊朗德黑兰对488名育龄女性进行了这项随机对照试验。采用随机整群抽样招募参与者，并通过随机分配将其分为干预组（n = 243）和对照组（n = 245）。使用基于TPB和医疗保健赋权问卷的自行编制的研究者问卷收集数据。问卷的效度（内容效度指数= 0.87；内容效度比= 0.89）和信度得到确认（α= 0.96）。使用基于TPB结构的八个与健康相关的情景，在四个环节（持续60分钟）内实施干预。使用独立t检验、卡方检验、Fisher精确检验、Mann-Whitney检验、路径分析和广义估计方程模型的回归，通过SPSS（美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市SPSS公司）对基线和干预后数据（干预后6个月）进行分析。P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果显示，参与者的平均年龄±标准差为33.6±7.1岁。干预后6个月，干预组和对照组在医疗保健赋权领域以及行为意向、对行为的态度、主观规范和感知行为控制方面存在显著差异（P < 0.001）。
基于TPB的教育干预可以显著提高女性对医疗保健赋权的认知。建议卫生政策制定者和医疗保健提供者定制并实施基于TPB的干预措施，以更好地提高女性对接受医疗保健赋权的认知。
