Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2020 Oct;64:135-142. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.05.002. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
Animals engage in motivated behaviors, such as feeding and mating behaviors, to ensure their own survival and the survival of their species. However, the neural circuits mediating the generation and persistence of these motivational drives remain poorly understood. Here we review recent studies on the circuit mechanisms underlying motivational states in Drosophila, with a focus on feeding, courtship, and aggression. These studies shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms by, which key drive neurons receive relevant input signals, integrate information, and decide on a specific behavioral output. We also discuss conceptual models for integrating these circuit mechanisms, distinguishing between those for homeostatically-regulated versus non-homeostatically-regulated motivated behaviors. We suggest that the ability to trigger persistence of a motivated behavior may be a feature of integrator or apex/command neurons.
动物会进行有动机的行为，如进食和交配行为，以确保自身的生存和物种的生存。然而，介导这些动机驱动产生和持续的神经回路仍知之甚少。在这里，我们回顾了最近关于果蝇中动机状态的电路机制的研究，重点是进食、求爱和攻击。这些研究揭示了关键驱动神经元如何接收相关输入信号、整合信息以及决定特定行为输出的分子和细胞机制。我们还讨论了整合这些电路机制的概念模型，区分了用于稳态调节和非稳态调节的动机行为的模型。我们认为，触发动机行为持续的能力可能是整合器或顶点/命令神经元的一个特征。
