Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 22;20(1):978. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09093-7.
Although the health benefits of physical activity (PA) are well known, young people's level of PA is often insufficient and tends to decline in adolescence. Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of PA-promoting interventions among young people, but none have reviewed the effectiveness of PA interventions in the vocational education and training (VET) setting. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize and review the available literature on PA-promoting interventions in VET and (2) examine the effects of these interventions on PA-related outcomes such as PA level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors.
Five electronic databases were searched for studies involving adolescents aged 15 to 20 years that took place in VET settings and evaluated the effects of interventions with a PA component on PA-related outcomes such as PA level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. The screening process and the quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers; data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and verified by another.
The literature search identified 18,959 articles and 11,282 unique records. After the screening process, nine studies, all coming from European or Asian countries, met the pre-defined eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative analyses. All but two studies reported significant improvements for at least one PA-related outcome. The interventions substantially differed in their development approaches (top-down vs. bottom-up approaches), complexity (multi- vs. single-component), and addressed behavior (multi-behavioral vs. single-behavioral). The most conspicuous finding was that bottom-up approaches tend to improve outcomes at the psychological level and top-down approaches at the physical level. Regarding the interventions' complexity and addressed behavior, we did not reveal any conclusive results.
This systematic review highlights the varying effects of PA-promoting interventions in VET. Nevertheless, heterogeneous effects, overall weak study quality and availability of studies only from two continents limited our ability to draw clear conclusions about the potentially most effective intervention strategies. Therefore, future research should focus on high-quality studies with long-term follow-ups to make recommendations for practical use.
PROSPERO CRD42018109845.
尽管身体活动（PA）对健康的益处众所周知，但年轻人的身体活动水平往往不足，且在青春期趋于下降。许多研究已经调查了针对年轻人的促进身体活动的干预措施的有效性，但没有一项研究综述了职业教育和培训（VET）环境中促进身体活动的干预措施的有效性。本系统综述旨在：（1）综合和综述 VET 中促进身体活动的干预措施的现有文献；（2）研究这些干预措施对身体活动相关结果的影响，如身体活动水平、身体素质、生理参数或心理因素。
检索了五个电子数据库，纳入了在 VET 环境中进行的、评估包含身体活动成分的干预措施对身体活动相关结果（如身体活动水平、身体素质、生理参数或心理因素）影响的研究。两名独立的评审员进行了筛选过程和质量评估；一名评审员进行了数据提取，另一名评审员进行了验证。
文献检索确定了 18959 篇文章和 11282 个唯一记录。经过筛选过程，有 9 项研究符合预先定义的纳入标准，并纳入了定性分析。除了两项研究外，所有研究都报告了至少一项身体活动相关结果的显著改善。这些干预措施在其发展方法（自上而下与自下而上方法）、复杂性（多成分与单成分）和针对的行为（多行为与单行为）方面有很大差异。最明显的发现是，自下而上的方法倾向于改善心理层面的结果，而上而下的方法倾向于改善身体层面的结果。关于干预措施的复杂性和针对的行为，我们没有得出任何明确的结论。
本系统综述强调了 VET 中促进身体活动的干预措施的不同效果。然而，干预效果的异质性、总体研究质量低以及仅来自两个大陆的研究可用性限制了我们对最有效干预策略的清晰结论。因此，未来的研究应侧重于高质量、长期随访的研究，为实际应用提供建议。
PROSPERO CRD42018109845。
