Fan Weihao, Liang Chunmei, Ou Mingqian, Zou Ting, Sun Furong, Zhou Haihong, Cui Lili
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2020 Jun 5;13:90. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00090. eCollection 2020.
Progressive functional deterioration and loss of neurons underlies neurological diseases and constitutes an important cause of disability and death worldwide. The causes of various types of neurological diseases often share several critical nerve-related cellular mechanisms and pathological features, particularly the neuroinflammatory response in the nervous system. A rapidly growing body of evidence indicates that various microRNAs play pivotal roles in these processes in neurological diseases and might be viable therapeutic targets. Among these microRNAs, microRNA-146a (miR-146a) stands out due to the rapid increase in recent literature on its mechanistic involvement in neurological diseases. In this review, we summarize and highlight the critical role of miR-146a in neurological diseases. MiR-146a polymorphisms are associated with the risk of neurological disease. Alterations in miR-146a expression levels are crucial events in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological diseases that are spatially and temporally diverse. Additionally, the target genes of miR-146a are involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes in neurological diseases, particularly the neuroinflammatory response. In summary, miR-146a mainly plays a critical role in neuroinflammation during the progression of neurological diseases and might be a prospective biomarker and therapeutic target. Understanding the mechanisms by which miR-146a affects the neuroinflammatory response in different neurological injuries, different cell types, and even different stages of certain neurological diseases will pave the way for its use as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.
进行性功能衰退和神经元丧失是神经系统疾病的基础，也是全球致残和死亡的重要原因。各类神经系统疾病的病因通常具有几种关键的神经相关细胞机制和病理特征，尤其是神经系统中的神经炎症反应。越来越多的证据表明，各种微小RNA在神经系统疾病的这些过程中发挥着关键作用，可能是可行的治疗靶点。在这些微小RNA中，微小RNA - 146a（miR - 146a）因其近期关于其在神经系统疾病中机制参与的文献迅速增加而备受关注。在本综述中，我们总结并强调了miR - 146a在神经系统疾病中的关键作用。miR - 146a多态性与神经系统疾病风险相关。miR - 146a表达水平的改变是众多时空各异的神经系统疾病发病机制中的关键事件。此外，miR - 146a的靶基因参与神经系统疾病病理生理过程的调控，尤其是神经炎症反应。总之，miR - 146a在神经系统疾病进展过程中的神经炎症中主要发挥关键作用，可能是一种有前景的生物标志物和治疗靶点。了解miR - 146a影响不同神经损伤、不同细胞类型甚至某些神经系统疾病不同阶段神经炎症反应的机制，将为其作为神经退行性疾病治疗靶点的应用铺平道路。
