Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Centre for Ageing and Health, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2021 Jan 18;76(2):e4-e9. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa084.
To investigate early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic related to (a) levels of worry, risk perception, and social distancing; (b) longitudinal effects on well-being; and (c) effects of worry, risk perception, and social distancing on well-being.
We analyzed annual changes in four aspects of well-being over 5 years (2015-2020): life satisfaction, financial satisfaction, self-rated health, and loneliness in a subsample (n = 1,071, aged 65-71) from a larger survey of Swedish older adults. The 2020 wave, collected March 26-April 2, included measures of worry, risk perception, and social distancing in response to COVID-19.
(a) In relation to COVID-19: 44.9% worried about health, 69.5% about societal consequences, 25.1% about financial consequences; 86.4% perceived a high societal risk, 42.3% a high risk of infection, and 71.2% reported high levels of social distancing. (b) Well-being remained stable (life satisfaction and loneliness) or even increased (self-rated health and financial satisfaction) in 2020 compared to previous years. (c) More worry about health and financial consequences was related to lower scores in all four well-being measures. Higher societal worry and more social distancing were related to higher well-being.
In the early stage of the pandemic, Swedish older adults on average rated their well-being as high as, or even higher than, previous years. However, those who worried more reported lower well-being. Our findings speak to the resilience, but also heterogeneity, among older adults during the pandemic. Further research, on a broad range of health factors and long-term psychological consequences, is needed.
研究与 (a) 担忧水平、风险感知和社会隔离；(b) 对幸福感的纵向影响；以及 (c) 担忧、风险感知和社会隔离对幸福感的影响相关的 COVID-19 大流行的早期影响。
我们分析了在五年期间（2015-2020 年）四个方面幸福感的年度变化：生活满意度、财务满意度、自我评估健康和孤独感，在一项针对瑞典老年人大规模调查的子样本中（n = 1,071，年龄 65-71 岁）。2020 年的调查于 3 月 26 日至 4 月 2 日进行，包括对 COVID-19 的担忧、风险感知和社会隔离的测量。
(a) 与 COVID-19 相关：44.9%担心健康，69.5%担心社会后果，25.1%担心财务后果；86.4%认为社会风险高，42.3%认为感染风险高，71.2%报告社会隔离程度高。(b) 与前几年相比，2020 年幸福感保持稳定（生活满意度和孤独感）或甚至增加（自我评估健康和财务满意度）。(c) 对健康和财务后果的担忧越多，所有四项幸福感衡量指标的得分越低。对社会的担忧越高，社会隔离程度越高，幸福感越高。
在大流行的早期阶段，瑞典老年人口的平均幸福感与前几年一样高，甚至更高。然而，那些更担心的人报告的幸福感较低。我们的研究结果反映了老年人在大流行期间的韧性，但也存在异质性。需要进一步研究广泛的健康因素和长期心理后果。
