Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2020 Jun 18;15:4205-4224. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S245936. eCollection 2020.
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of heart failure and death in the world, and the transplantation of the heart is an effective and viable choice for treatment despite presenting many disadvantages (most notably, transplant heart availability). To overcome this problem, cardiac tissue engineering is considered a promising approach by using implantable artificial blood vessels, injectable gels, and cardiac patches (to name a few) made from biodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymers are classified into two main categories: natural and synthetic polymers. Natural biodegradable polymers have some distinct advantages such as biodegradability, abundant availability, and renewability but have some significant drawbacks such as rapid degradation, insufficient electrical conductivity, immunological reaction, and poor mechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering. Synthetic biodegradable polymers have some advantages such as strong mechanical properties, controlled structure, great processing flexibility, and usually no immunological concerns; however, they have some drawbacks such as a lack of cell attachment and possible low biocompatibility. Some applications have combined the best of both and exciting new natural/synthetic composites have been utilized. Recently, the use of nanostructured polymers and polymer nanocomposites has revolutionized the field of cardiac tissue engineering due to their enhanced mechanical, electrical, and surface properties promoting tissue growth. In this review, recent research on the use of biodegradable natural/synthetic nanocomposite polymers in cardiac tissue engineering is presented with forward looking thoughts provided for what is needed for the field to mature.
心血管疾病是全球心力衰竭和死亡的首要原因，心脏移植是一种有效且可行的治疗选择，尽管存在许多缺点（最明显的是，可移植心脏的可用性）。为了克服这个问题，心脏组织工程被认为是一种很有前途的方法，它使用可植入的人工血管、可注射凝胶和心脏补片（仅举几例），这些都是由可生物降解聚合物制成的。可生物降解聚合物分为两大类：天然聚合物和合成聚合物。天然可生物降解聚合物具有一些明显的优点，如可生物降解性、丰富的可用性和可再生性，但也有一些显著的缺点，如快速降解、电导率不足、免疫反应和用于心脏组织工程的机械性能差。合成可生物降解聚合物具有一些优点，如机械性能强、结构可控、加工灵活性好，通常没有免疫问题；然而，它们也有一些缺点，如缺乏细胞附着和可能的低生物相容性。一些应用将两者的优点结合起来，并利用了令人兴奋的新型天然/合成复合材料。最近，由于纳米结构聚合物和聚合物纳米复合材料具有增强的机械、电气和表面性能，促进了组织生长，因此在心脏组织工程领域得到了广泛的应用。本文综述了近年来在心脏组织工程中使用可生物降解的天然/合成纳米复合材料聚合物的研究进展，并对该领域成熟所需的条件提出了前瞻性的思考。
