Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 16;11:961. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00961. eCollection 2020.
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the cause of more than 95% of epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with some lethal cases. These viral agents affect people of all ages. However, young children and older adults are the highest-risk groups, being affected with the greatest rate of hospitalizations and morbidity cases. HuNoV structural proteins, especially VP1, have been studied extensively. In contrast, the functions of the non-structural proteins of the virus have been undescribed in depth. Studies on HuNoV non-structural proteins have mostly been made by expressing them individually in cultures, providing insights of their functions and the role that they play in HuNoV replication and pathogenesis. This review examines exhaustively the functions of both HuNoV structural and non-structural proteins and their possible role within the viral replicative cycle and the pathogenesis of the virus. It also highlights recent findings regarding the host's innate and adaptive immune responses against HuNoV, which are of great relevance for diagnostics and vaccine development so as to prevent infections caused by these fastidious viruses.
人类诺如病毒（HuNoVs）是导致全球超过 95%的爆发性非细菌性胃肠炎的原因，其中一些是致命病例。这些病毒会影响所有年龄段的人。然而，幼儿和老年人是风险最高的群体，他们的住院率和发病率最高。HuNoV 结构蛋白，特别是 VP1，已被广泛研究。相比之下，病毒的非结构蛋白的功能尚未被深入描述。对 HuNoV 非结构蛋白的研究主要是通过在培养物中单独表达它们来进行的，这提供了对其功能以及它们在 HuNoV 复制和发病机制中所起作用的深入了解。这篇综述全面研究了 HuNoV 结构蛋白和非结构蛋白的功能，以及它们在病毒复制周期和病毒发病机制中的可能作用。它还强调了宿主针对 HuNoV 的先天和适应性免疫反应的最新发现，这对于诊断和疫苗开发以预防这些难养病毒的感染非常重要。
