Obuobi Sybil, Škalko-Basnet Nataša
Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Pharmaceutics. 2020 Jul 8;12(7):643. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070643.
Conventional antibiotic therapy is often challenged by poor drug penetration/accumulation at infection sites and poses a significant burden to public health. Effective strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of our existing arsenal include the use of nanoparticulate delivery platforms to improve drug targeting and minimize adverse effects. However, these nanocarriers are often challenged by poor loading efficiency, rapid release and inefficient targeting. Nucleic acid hybrid nanocarriers are nucleic acid nanosystems complexed or functionalized with organic or inorganic materials. Despite their immense potential in antimicrobial therapy, they are seldom utilized against pathogenic bacteria. With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and the associated complex interplay of factors involved in antibiotic resistance, nucleic acid hybrids represent a unique opportunity to deliver antimicrobials against resistant pathogens and to target specific genes that control virulence or resistance. This review provides an unbiased overview on fabricating strategies for nucleic acid hybrids and addresses the challenges of pristine oligonucleotide nanocarriers. We report recent applications to enhance pathogen targeting, binding and control drug release. As multifunctional next-generational antimicrobials, the challenges and prospect of these nanocarriers are included.
传统抗生素疗法常常因药物在感染部位的渗透/蓄积不佳而受到挑战，给公共卫生带来了重大负担。提高现有药物治疗效果的有效策略包括使用纳米颗粒递送平台，以改善药物靶向性并将副作用降至最低。然而，这些纳米载体常常面临负载效率低、快速释放和靶向效率低等问题。核酸杂交纳米载体是与有机或无机材料复合或功能化的核酸纳米系统。尽管它们在抗菌治疗中具有巨大潜力，但很少用于对抗病原菌。随着抗菌药物耐药性的出现以及抗生素耐药性相关因素的复杂相互作用，核酸杂交体为对抗耐药病原体递送抗菌药物以及靶向控制毒力或耐药性的特定基因提供了独特的机会。本综述对核酸杂交体的制备策略进行了客观概述，并探讨了原始寡核苷酸纳米载体面临的挑战。我们报告了近期在增强病原体靶向性、结合和控制药物释放方面的应用。作为多功能下一代抗菌剂，还介绍了这些纳米载体面临的挑战和前景。
