Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Jul 9;12(7):2045. doi: 10.3390/nu12072045.
Although there are many recognized health benefits for the consumption of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), intake in the United States remains below recommended amounts. This analysis was designed to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 LCPUFA intake (eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States adult population, based on education, income, and race/ethnicity, using data from the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) ( = 44,585). Over this survey period, participants with less education and lower income had significantly lower n-3 LCPUFA intakes and fish intakes ( < 0.001 for all between group comparisons). N-3 LCPUFA intake differed significantly according to ethnicity ( < 0.001), with the highest intake of n-3 LCPUFA and fish in individuals in the "Other" category (including Asian Americans). Supplement use increased EPA + DHA intake, but only 7.4% of individuals consistently took supplements. Overall, n-3 LCPUFA intake in this study population was low, but our findings indicate that individuals with lower educational attainment and income are at even higher risk of lower n-3 LCPUFA and fish intake.
尽管人们已经认识到ω-3（n-3）长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）的摄入对健康有很多益处，但美国的摄入量仍低于推荐量。本分析旨在根据教育程度、收入和种族/民族，使用 2003-2014 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）的数据（n=44585），对美国成年人的鱼类和 n-3 LCPUFA（二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和 EPA+DHA）摄入量进行最新评估。在这段调查期间，受教育程度较低和收入较低的参与者的 n-3 LCPUFA 摄入量和鱼类摄入量明显较低（所有组间比较均<0.001）。n-3 LCPUFA 的摄入量根据种族存在显著差异（<0.001），“其他”类别（包括亚裔美国人）的个体 n-3 LCPUFA 和鱼类的摄入量最高。补充剂的使用增加了 EPA+DHA 的摄入量，但只有 7.4%的人始终服用补充剂。总的来说，该研究人群的 n-3 LCPUFA 摄入量较低，但我们的研究结果表明，受教育程度和收入较低的个体患 n-3 LCPUFA 和鱼类摄入不足的风险更高。
