Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh.
Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh.
J Food Prot. 2020 Dec 1;83(12):2107-2121. doi: 10.4315/JFP-20-172.
Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen that causes public health problems globally, and the increase of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella has intensified the problem. Chicken meat is an important reservoir and disseminator of Salmonella to humans. This study aimed at estimating the burden of Salmonella carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in 113 domestic frozen chicken meat samples purchased from supershops available in five divisional megacities of Bangladesh. The study also focused on the determination of β-lactamase-, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance-encoding genes. All samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella using selective media and PCR assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disk diffusion test, and ESBL screening was performed by double-disk synergy tests. Resistance genes were detected using multiplex PCR. Of samples, 65.5% were positive for Salmonella spp., and, of these, 58.1% isolates were ESBL producers. All the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR): 40.5% were resistant to both three to five and six to eight antimicrobial classes; 17.6% were resistant to 9 to 11 classes, and 1.4% isolates to 12 to 15 classes. The highest rates of resistance were observed against oxytetracycline (100%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (89.2%), tetracycline (86.5%), nalidixic acid (83.8%), amoxicillin (74.3%), and pefloxacin (70.3%). Notably, 48.6% of isolates demonstrated resistance to imipenem. One (1.4%) isolate was possibly extensively drug resistant. All the isolates were positive for the blaTEM gene, 2.7% were positive for blaCTX-M-1, and 20.3% for blaNDM-1. The prevalence of qnrA and qnrS genes was 4.1 and 6.8%, respectively. This study shows that ESBL-producing Salmonella are widespread in frozen chicken meat in Bangladesh, which puts greater responsibility on food processors and policy makers to ensure food safety.
沙门氏菌是一种重要的食源性致病菌，在全球范围内造成公共卫生问题，而沙门氏菌对抗菌药物的耐药性增加加剧了这一问题。鸡肉是沙门氏菌向人类传播的重要储存库和传播者。本研究旨在估计孟加拉国五个大都市地区的超级市场购买的 113 份国产冷冻鸡肉样本中携带产extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)的沙门氏菌的负担及其抗菌药物耐药模式。该研究还侧重于确定β-内酰胺酶和质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因。使用选择性培养基和 PCR 检测所有样本中沙门氏菌的存在。通过纸片扩散试验进行抗菌药物敏感性试验，通过双纸片协同试验进行 ESBL 筛选。使用多重 PCR 检测耐药基因。在样本中，65.5%为沙门氏菌阳性，其中 58.1%的分离株为 ESBL 产生菌。所有分离株均为多重耐药（MDR）：40.5%的分离株对三到五类和六到八类抗菌药物均耐药；17.6%的分离株对 9 到 11 类药物耐药，1.4%的分离株对 12 到 15 类药物耐药。对氧四环素的耐药率最高（100%），其次是甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑（89.2%）、四环素（86.5%）、萘啶酸（83.8%）、阿莫西林（74.3%）和培氟沙星（70.3%）。值得注意的是，48.6%的分离株对亚胺培南耐药。1 株（1.4%）分离株可能为广泛耐药。所有分离株均为 blaTEM 基因阳性，2.7%的分离株为 blaCTX-M-1 阳性，20.3%的分离株为 blaNDM-1 阳性。qnrA 和 qnrS 基因的流行率分别为 4.1%和 6.8%。本研究表明，产 ESBL 的沙门氏菌在孟加拉国的冷冻鸡肉中广泛存在，这对食品加工商和决策者提出了更大的食品安全责任。
