Zuk Magdalena, Pelc Katarzyna, Szperlik Jakub, Sawula Agnieszka, Szopa Jan
Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
Linum Fundation, pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland.
Metabolites. 2020 Jul 14;10(7):288. doi: 10.3390/metabo10070288.
Cyanogenic glucosides (CG), the monoglycosides linamarin and lotaustralin, as well as the diglucosides linustatin and neolinustatin, have been identified in flax. The roles of CG and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), specifically the product of their breakdown, differ and are understood only to a certain extent. HCN is toxic to aerobic organisms as a respiratory inhibitor and to enzymes containing heavy metals. On the other hand, CG and HCN are important factors in the plant defense system against herbivores, insects and pathogens. In this study, fluctuations in CG levels during flax growth and development (using UPLC) and the expression of genes encoding key enzymes for their metabolism (valine N-monooxygenase, linamarase, cyanoalanine nitrilase and cyanoalanine synthase) using RT-PCR were analyzed. Linola cultivar and transgenic plants characterized by increased levels of sulfur amino acids were analyzed. This enabled the demonstration of a significant relationship between the cyanide detoxification process and general metabolism. Cyanogenic glucosides are used as nitrogen-containing precursors for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins and amines. Therefore, they not only perform protective functions against herbivores but are general plant growth regulators, especially since changes in their level have been shown to be strongly correlated with significant stages of plant development.
在亚麻中已鉴定出含氰糖苷（CG）、单糖苷亚麻苦苷和百脉根苷，以及二糖苷亚麻抑素和新亚麻抑素。CG和氰化氢（HCN），特别是它们分解产物的作用有所不同，目前仅在一定程度上得到了解。HCN作为呼吸抑制剂对需氧生物以及对含重金属的酶有毒性。另一方面，CG和HCN是植物防御草食动物、昆虫和病原体系统中的重要因素。在本研究中，分析了亚麻生长发育过程中CG水平的波动（使用超高效液相色谱法），以及使用逆转录聚合酶链反应分析其代谢关键酶（缬氨酸N - 单加氧酶、亚麻苦苷酶、氰基丙氨酸腈水解酶和氰基丙氨酸合酶）编码基因的表达。对硫氨基酸水平升高的Linola品种和转基因植物进行了分析。这使得能够证明氰化物解毒过程与一般代谢之间存在显著关系。含氰糖苷用作合成氨基酸、蛋白质和胺类的含氮前体。因此，它们不仅对草食动物具有保护作用，而且是一般的植物生长调节剂，特别是因为已表明其水平的变化与植物发育的重要阶段密切相关。
