Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; email:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2020 Sep 23;40:323-343. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-013120-043659. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a vibrant, diverse ecosystem of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. The gut fungi (mycobiota) have recently risen to prominence due to their ability to modulate host immunity. Colonization of the gut occurs through a combination of vertical transmission from the maternal mycobiota and environmental and dietary exposure. Data from human and animal studies demonstrate that nutrition strongly affects the mycobiota composition and that changes in the fungal communities can aggravate metabolic diseases. The mechanisms pertaining to the mycobiota's influence on host health, pathology, and resident gastrointestinal communities through intrakingdom, transkingdom, and immune cross talk are beginning to come into focus, setting the stage for a new chapter in microbiota-host interactions. Herein, we examine the inception, maturation, and dietary modulation of gastrointestinal and nutritional fungal communities and inspect their impact on metabolic diseases in humans.
人类胃肠道是原核生物和真核微生物的一个充满活力且多样化的生态系统。由于其能够调节宿主免疫功能，肠道真菌（真菌群落）最近受到了关注。肠道的定植是通过母体真菌群落的垂直传播以及环境和饮食暴露的共同作用实现的。来自人类和动物研究的数据表明，营养强烈影响真菌群落的组成，而真菌群落的变化可能会加重代谢疾病。有关真菌群落通过种内、种间和免疫串扰对宿主健康、病理学和常驻胃肠道群落的影响的机制开始成为焦点，为微生物群-宿主相互作用的新篇章奠定了基础。在此，我们研究了胃肠道和营养真菌群落的起源、成熟和饮食调节，并检查了它们对人类代谢疾病的影响。
