Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2021 Jan;13(1):e1656. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1656. Epub 2020 Jul 19.
Metal-based nanoparticles applied to potentiating the effects of radiotherapy have drawn significant attention from the research community and are now available clinically. By improving our mechanistic understanding, nanoparticles are likely to evolve to provide very significant improvements in radiotherapy outcomes with only incremental increase in cost. This review critically assesses the inconsistent observations surrounding physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological mechanisms of radiosensitization. In doing so, a number of needs are identified for continuing research and are highlighted. The large degree of variability from one nanoparticle to another emphasizes that it is a mistake to generalize nanoparticle radiosensitizer mechanisms. Nanoparticle formulations should be considered in an analogous way as pharmacological agents and as a broad class of therapeutic agents, needing to be considered with a high degree of individuality with respect to their interactions and ultimate impact on radiobiological response. In the same way that no universal anti-cancer drug exists, it is unlikely that a single nanoparticle formulation will lead to the best therapeutic outcomes for all cancers. The high degree of complexity and variability in mechanistic action provides notable opportunities for nanoparticle formulations to be optimized for specific indications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
金属基纳米粒子被应用于增强放射治疗效果，引起了研究界的广泛关注，目前已在临床上应用。通过提高我们对其机制的理解，纳米粒子有可能在放射治疗结果方面提供非常显著的改善，而成本仅略有增加。本综述批判性地评估了围绕放射增敏的物理、物理化学、化学和生物学机制的不一致观察。在这样做的过程中，确定了一些需要继续研究的需求，并强调了这些需求。从一种纳米粒子到另一种纳米粒子的高度可变性强调，将纳米粒子放射增敏剂的机制普遍化是错误的。纳米粒子制剂应被视为类似药理学制剂和广泛的治疗剂类别，需要高度个体化地考虑它们的相互作用及其对放射生物学反应的最终影响。就像不存在通用的抗癌药物一样，单一的纳米粒子制剂不太可能为所有癌症带来最佳的治疗效果。在作用机制方面，高度的复杂性和可变性为纳米粒子制剂针对特定适应症进行优化提供了显著的机会。本文属于以下类别： 治疗方法和药物发现 > 新兴技术 纳米技术在生物学中的应用 > 生物学中的纳米级系统。
