Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2021 Feb;39(2):137-149. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.012. Epub 2020 Jul 18.
Medicinal plants produce valuable secondary metabolites with anticancer, analgesic, anticholinergic or other activities, but low metabolite levels and limited available tissue restrict metabolite yields. Transformed root cultures, also called hairy roots, provide a feasible approach for producing valuable secondary metabolites. Various strategies have been used to enhance secondary metabolite production in hairy roots, including increasing substrate availability, regulating key biosynthetic genes, multigene engineering, combining genetic engineering and elicitation, using transcription factors (TFs), and introducing new genes. In this review, we focus on recent developments in hairy roots from medicinal plants, techniques to boost production of desired secondary metabolites, and the development of new technologies to study these metabolites. We also discuss recent trends, emerging applications, and future perspectives.
药用植物产生具有抗癌、镇痛、抗胆碱能或其他活性的有价值的次生代谢物，但代谢物水平低和可用组织有限限制了代谢物的产量。转化的根培养物，也称为发根，为生产有价值的次生代谢物提供了一种可行的方法。已经使用了各种策略来增强发根中的次生代谢产物的产生，包括增加基质的可用性、调节关键生物合成基因、多基因工程、遗传工程和诱导的结合、使用转录因子（TFs）以及引入新基因。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了药用植物发根的最新发展、提高所需次生代谢产物产量的技术，以及研究这些代谢物的新技术的发展。我们还讨论了最近的趋势、新兴的应用和未来的展望。
