ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Cells. 2019 Feb 2;8(2):118. doi: 10.3390/cells8020118.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by severe motor complications caused by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAn) and dopamine loss. Current treatment is focused on mitigating the symptoms through administration of levodopa, rather than on preventing DAn damage. Therefore, the use and development of neuroprotective/disease-modifying strategies is an absolute need, which can lead to promising gains on PD translational research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)⁻derived exosomes have been proposed as a promising therapeutic tool, since it has been demonstrated that they can act as biological nanoparticles with beneficial effects in different pathological conditions, including PD. Thus, considering their potential protective action in lesioned sites, MSCs-derived exosomes might also be active modulators of the neuroregeneration processes, opening a door for their future use as therapeutical strategies in human clinical trials. Therefore, in this review, we analyze the current understanding of MSCs-derived exosomes as a new possible therapeutic strategy for PD, by providing an overview about the potential role of miRNAs in the cellular and molecular basis of PD.
帕金森病（PD）是全球第二大常见的神经退行性疾病。临床上，其特征是由于多巴胺能神经元（DAn）的进行性退化和多巴胺的丧失而导致严重的运动并发症。目前的治疗方法侧重于通过给予左旋多巴来减轻症状，而不是预防 DAn 损伤。因此，需要使用和开发神经保护/疾病修饰策略，这可能会给 PD 的转化研究带来有希望的进展。间充质干细胞（MSCs）衍生的外泌体被认为是一种很有前途的治疗工具，因为已经证明它们可以作为具有有益作用的生物纳米颗粒在不同的病理条件下发挥作用，包括 PD。因此，考虑到它们在受损部位的潜在保护作用，MSCs 衍生的外泌体也可能是神经再生过程的有效调节剂，为它们在人类临床试验中的未来治疗策略的应用开辟了道路。因此，在这篇综述中，我们通过概述 miRNA 在 PD 的细胞和分子基础中的潜在作用，分析 MSCs 衍生的外泌体作为 PD 新的潜在治疗策略的当前理解。
