Wang Xin, Liu Xiao-Quang, Ko Ya-Zhu, Jin Xiao-Lei, Sun Jia-Hui, Zhao Zhen-Yu, Yuan Qing-Jun, Chiang Yu-Chung, Huang Lu-Qi
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Front Genet. 2020 Jul 3;11:708. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00708. eCollection 2020.
Huang-lian ( plants in China) are essential medicinal plants in China, var. and have been domesticated and cultivated for 700 years. In this study, the genetic diversity patterns and biogeographical information of cultivated Huang-lian and their wild relatives species were assessed using three plastids DNA regions. A total of 186 individuals from twenty-seven populations representing two species of cultivated Huang-lian and four species of wild relatives were collected and analyzed. Twenty-four haplotypes of six species were identified when three plastid spacers were combined. Historical biogeography inference revealed multiple dispersal events in the groups of cultivated Huang-lian and . This evidence can infer that large initial population size and interbreeding with co-existing wild relatives in expanding new planting areas might be the main reason for maintaining the high genetic diversity of cultivated Huang-lian. Nevertheless, the multimodal curve of mismatch analysis and positive or negative differed among species and populations by neutrality tests indicated some groups of cultivated Huang-lian experienced genetic bottlenecks. Phylogeny analysis (NJ, MP, BI) showed that cultivated Huang-lian and were clustered into a monophyletic group while var. was paraphyletic, having earlier divergence time from var. (7.6 Ma) than Parsimony network demonstrated that had more shared haplotypes with than var. , and other haplotypes of and had less mutation steps than that of var. and This evidence suggests that has a closer relationship with cultivated Huang-lian and might be a potential wild relative to . The results reported here provide the baseline data for preserving genetic resources of Huang-lian and also evaluating the genetic impacts of long-term cultivation on medicinal plants, which could be instructive to future cultivation projects of traditional Chinese medicinal plants.
黄连（中国的植物）是中国重要的药用植物，其变种已经被驯化和栽培了700年。在本研究中，利用三个叶绿体DNA区域评估了栽培黄连及其野生近缘物种的遗传多样性模式和生物地理信息。共收集并分析了来自27个种群的186个个体，这些种群代表了两种栽培黄连和四种野生近缘物种。当三个叶绿体间隔区组合在一起时，鉴定出了六个物种的24个单倍型。历史生物地理学推断揭示了栽培黄连组中的多次扩散事件。这一证据可以推断，初始种群规模较大以及在新种植区域扩展过程中与共存的野生近缘种杂交可能是栽培黄连保持高遗传多样性的主要原因。然而，错配分析的多峰曲线以及中性检验中物种和种群之间正负不同，表明一些栽培黄连组经历了遗传瓶颈。系统发育分析（NJ、MP、BI）表明，栽培黄连和[物种名称未明确]聚为一个单系类群，而[变种名称未明确]变种是并系的，其与[变种名称未明确]变种的分歧时间（760万年）早于[物种名称未明确]。简约网络显示，[物种名称未明确]与栽培黄连共享的单倍型比[变种名称未明确]变种更多，并且[物种名称未明确]和[物种名称未明确]的其他单倍型的突变步骤比[变种名称未明确]变种和[变种名称未明确]的少。这一证据表明，[物种名称未明确]与栽培黄连关系更密切，可能是[物种名称未明确]的潜在野生近缘种。本文报道的结果为保护黄连的遗传资源以及评估长期栽培对药用植物的遗传影响提供了基线数据，这可能对未来的传统中药栽培项目具有指导意义。
