Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Theranostics. 2020 Jul 9;10(18):8111-8129. doi: 10.7150/thno.47865. eCollection 2020.
Dysregulated inflammation is a complicated pathological process involved in various diseases, and the treatment of inflammation-linked disorders currently represents an enormous global burden. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized, lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by virtually all types of cells, which act as an important intercellular communicative medium. Considering their capacity to transfer bioactive substances, both unmodified and engineered EVs are increasingly being explored as potential therapeutic agents or therapeutic vehicles. Moreover, as the nature's own delivery tool, EVs possess many desirable advantages, such as stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, and biological barrier permeability. The application of EV-based therapy to combat inflammation, though still in an early stage of development, has profound transformative potential. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in EV engineering for inflammation targeting and modulation, summarize their preclinical applications in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, and present our views on the anti-inflammatory applications of EV-based nanotherapeutics.
失调的炎症是一个涉及多种疾病的复杂病理过程，目前炎症相关疾病的治疗是一个巨大的全球性负担。细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是几乎所有类型的细胞分泌的纳米大小的、脂质膜包裹的囊泡，作为一种重要的细胞间通讯介质。鉴于它们传递生物活性物质的能力，未经修饰和工程改造的 EVs 都越来越多地被探索作为潜在的治疗剂或治疗载体。此外，作为天然的输送工具，EVs 具有许多理想的优点，如稳定性、生物相容性、低免疫原性、低毒性和生物屏障通透性。基于 EV 的治疗方法在炎症治疗中的应用虽然仍处于早期阶段，但具有深远的变革潜力。在这篇综述中，我们强调了针对炎症的 EV 工程的最新进展，总结了它们在炎症性疾病治疗中的临床前应用，并提出了我们对基于 EV 的纳米治疗在抗炎应用方面的看法。
