AlHewishel Mohmmed A, Bahgat Mohammed, Al Huwaiyshil Abdullah, Alsubie Mustafa A, Alhassan Abdullah
Internal Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.
Biomedical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.
Cureus. 2020 Jun 29;12(6):e8910. doi: 10.7759/cureus.8910.
Background Diabetes mellitus is a major disease worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, it is considered to be the most common disease in the country. Diabetes mellitus has been also found to be associated with 25(OH)D (vitamin D) deficiency. In Saudi Arabia, sunlight is considered a major source for vitamin D. Saudi Arabia is popular for sunny weather most of the year, in which people can get vitamin D from the sun. However, vitamin D deficiency is common in Saudi Arabia, and its deficiency can increase blood glucose levels. We conducted a study to determine the reason for vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabia and to assess the relationship of diabetes mellitus with vitamin D. Aim of the work This study is aimed to assess the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in non-diabetic and type II diabetic patients in the King Faisal University (KFU) Health Center in the Al-Ahsa region. Methods Our study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out at the KFU Health Center in Saudi Arabia. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee at the College of Medicine at King Faisal University. The study period was from January 2016 to April 2016. We collected each patient's vitamin D serum level, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose at the same time for each patient's particular visit to the hospital. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Results Our results showed that 89.53% of the patients had a vitamin D level below the normal range. There was a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency in females (81.67%) than in males (65.27%) (p-value = 0.001). The incidence of vitamin D deficiency was greater in Saudi (82.19%) than non-Saudi patients (68.40%) (p-value = 0.001), as well as in diabetics (89.68%) than non-diabetics (76.12%) patients (p-value = 0.001). Within each group, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in females than in males. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency was highest in the age group of 21 to 40 years old (86.19%) and lowest in the age group of one to 20 years old (66.1%). The results showed an inverse relationship between the vitamin D level and both fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (independent sample t-test) were used for correlation. The mean fasting glucose was higher in the deficiency group (165.55) as compared to the insufficiency group (118.67). Also, the mean HbA1c was higher in the deficiency group (8.06) as compared to the insufficiency group (7.23) (p-value = 0.030). Conclusions There was a high incidence of vitamin D deficiency among KFU Health Center patients. The vitamin D level was inversely proportional to the level of fasting glucose and HbA1c. There is an evident role of vitamin D deficiency on glucose tolerance in diabetic patients.
糖尿病是全球主要疾病。在沙特阿拉伯，它被认为是该国最常见的疾病。糖尿病还被发现与25(OH)D（维生素D）缺乏有关。在沙特阿拉伯，阳光被视为维生素D的主要来源。沙特阿拉伯一年中大部分时间阳光充足，人们可以从阳光中获取维生素D。然而，维生素D缺乏在沙特阿拉伯很常见，其缺乏会增加血糖水平。我们开展了一项研究，以确定沙特阿拉伯维生素D缺乏的原因，并评估糖尿病与维生素D的关系。
本研究旨在评估阿赫萨地区法赫德国王大学（KFU）健康中心非糖尿病和II型糖尿病患者中维生素D缺乏的发生率。
我们的研究是一项横断面研究，在沙特阿拉伯的KFU健康中心进行。获得了法赫德国王大学医学院伦理与研究委员会的伦理批准。研究期间为2016年1月至2016年4月。我们在每位患者每次到医院就诊时，同时收集其维生素D血清水平、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和空腹血糖。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）（IBM SPSS Statistics，纽约州阿蒙克）进行数据分析。
我们的结果显示，89.53%的患者维生素D水平低于正常范围。女性维生素D缺乏的发生率（81.67%）高于男性（65.27%）（p值 = 0.001）。沙特患者（82.19%）维生素D缺乏的发生率高于非沙特患者（68.40%）（p值 = 0.001），糖尿病患者（89.68%）高于非糖尿病患者（76.12%）（p值 = 0.001）。在每组中，女性维生素D缺乏的发生率高于男性。维生素D缺乏的发生率在21至40岁年龄组最高（86.19%），在1至20岁年龄组最低（66.1%）。结果显示维生素D水平与空腹血糖和HbA1c之间呈负相关（使用独立样本t检验进行相关性分析）。缺乏组的平均空腹血糖（165.55）高于不足组（118.67）。此外，缺乏组的平均HbA1c（8.06）高于不足组（7.23）（p值 = 0.030）。
KFU健康中心患者中维生素D缺乏的发生率很高。维生素D水平与空腹血糖和HbA1c水平成反比。维生素D缺乏在糖尿病患者的葡萄糖耐量方面有明显作用。
