Zhang Fan, Nan Xuemei, Wang Hui, Guo Yuming, Xiong Benhai
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Aug 3;10(8):1336. doi: 10.3390/ani10081336.
Calcium propionate is a safe and reliable food and feed additive. It can be metabolized and absorbed by humans and animals as a precursor for glucose synthesis. In addition, calcium propionate provides essential calcium to mammals. In the perinatal period of dairy cows, many cows cannot adjust to the tremendous metabolic, endocrine, and physiological changes, resulting in ketosis and fatty liver due to a negative energy balance (NEB) or milk fever induced by hypocalcemia. On hot weather days, cow feed (TMR or silage) is susceptible to mildew, which produces mycotoxins. These two issues are closely related to dairy health and performance. Perinatal period metabolic disease significantly reduces cow production and increases the elimination rate because it causes major glucose and calcium deficiencies. Feeding a diet contaminated with mycotoxin leads to rumen metabolic disorders, a reduced reproductive rate (increased abortion rate), an increased number of milk somatic cells, and decreased milk production, as well as an increased occurrence of mastitis and hoof disease. Propionic acid is the primary gluconeogenic precursor in dairy cows and one of the safest mold inhibitors. Therefore, calcium propionate, which can be hydrolyzed into propionic acid and Ca in the rumen, may be a good feed additive for alleviating NEB and milk fever in the perinatal period of dairy cows. It can also be used to inhibit TMR or silage deterioration in hot weather and regulate rumen development in calves. This paper reviews the application of calcium propionate in dairy cows.
丙酸钙是一种安全可靠的食品和饲料添加剂。它可作为葡萄糖合成的前体被人和动物代谢吸收。此外，丙酸钙为哺乳动物提供必需的钙。在奶牛围产期，许多奶牛无法适应巨大的代谢、内分泌和生理变化，因能量负平衡（NEB）导致酮病和脂肪肝，或因低钙血症引发产乳热。在炎热天气下，奶牛饲料（全混合日粮或青贮饲料）易发霉，产生霉菌毒素。这两个问题与奶牛健康和生产性能密切相关。围产期代谢疾病会显著降低奶牛产量并提高淘汰率，因为它会导致严重的葡萄糖和钙缺乏。饲喂受霉菌毒素污染的日粮会导致瘤胃代谢紊乱、繁殖率降低（流产率增加）、乳体细胞数量增加、产奶量下降，以及乳腺炎和蹄病发生率增加。丙酸是奶牛主要的糖异生前体，也是最安全的霉菌抑制剂之一。因此，能在瘤胃中水解为丙酸和钙的丙酸钙，可能是缓解奶牛围产期NEB和产乳热的良好饲料添加剂。它还可用于在炎热天气下抑制全混合日粮或青贮饲料变质，并调节犊牛瘤胃发育。本文综述了丙酸钙在奶牛中的应用。
