Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Nutrients. 2020 Aug 5;12(8):2340. doi: 10.3390/nu12082340.
Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which, upon absorption by the host is converted into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in the liver. A high accumulation of both components is related to cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between the microbiota production of these components and its impact on these diseases still remains unknown. In this review, we will address which microbes contribute to TMA production in the human gut, the extent to which host factors (e.g., the genotype) and diet affect TMA production, and the colonization of these microbes and the reversal of dysbiosis as a therapy for these diseases.
胆碱是一种对人体生命至关重要的水溶性营养物质。肠道微生物对胆碱的代谢会产生三甲胺（TMA），TMA 被宿主吸收后，在肝脏中转化为三甲胺 N-氧化物（TMAO）。这两种成分的大量积累与心血管疾病、炎症性肠病、非酒精性脂肪肝和慢性肾病有关。然而，这些成分的微生物产生及其对这些疾病的影响之间的关系仍然未知。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论哪些微生物有助于人类肠道中 TMA 的产生，宿主因素（如基因型）和饮食在多大程度上影响 TMA 的产生，以及这些微生物的定植和肠道菌群失调的逆转作为这些疾病的治疗方法。
