Scherübl Hans
Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastroenterologie, GI Onkologie und Infektiologie, Klinikum Am Urban, Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Berlin, Germany.
Visc Med. 2020 Jun;36(3):175-181. doi: 10.1159/000507232. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
Alcohol use is an important and potentially modifiable risk factor for gastrointestinal cancers. The more and the longer a person drinks, the higher the risk of cancer becomes. Even modest use of alcohol may increase cancer risk; 100 g of alcohol per week or less is currently considered to be the limit of low-risk use.
Alcohol is causally associated with oesophageal squamous cell cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and most likely also with pancreatic cancer. Alcohol when combined with tobacco smoking or excess body weight can act synergistically to cause gastrointestinal cancer. Exposure to alcohol may have contributed to the recent incidence increases of early-onset gastrointestinal cancers in some Western countries.
People with long-term risky alcohol use should be encouraged to join cancer screening programmes. Alcohol cessation appears to be effective in reducing the alcohol-induced, increased cancer risk.
饮酒是胃肠道癌症的一个重要且可能可改变的风险因素。一个人饮酒量越大、时间越长，患癌风险就越高。即使适度饮酒也可能增加患癌风险；目前每周100克或更少的酒精摄入量被认为是低风险使用的限度。
酒精与食管鳞状细胞癌、胃癌、肝细胞癌、结直肠癌有因果关系，很可能还与胰腺癌有关。酒精与吸烟或体重超标相结合时，可协同作用导致胃肠道癌症。酒精暴露可能是近期一些西方国家早发性胃肠道癌症发病率上升的原因之一。
应鼓励长期有高风险饮酒行为的人参加癌症筛查项目。戒酒似乎能有效降低因酒精导致的患癌风险增加。
