Scherübl Hans
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2021 Mar;146(6):412-417. doi: 10.1055/a-1216-7050. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Smoking tobacco is the most important and potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer in Germany. Combining tobacco with alcohol can multiply cancer risks. Up to 30 % of cancer deaths are due to tobacco smoking. 23,3 % of 18-64 year-old Germans are current smokers; in addition, 11 % of the population are regularly exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoking is causally associated with oropharyngeal, laryngeal, nose, paranasal sinus, lung, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatocellular, biliary, colorectal, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, uterine cervix and ovary cancers and leukemia. Smokers should be encouraged to stop smoking and join programmes of cancer screening. Smoking cessation effectively reduces tobacco-associated cancer risk.
在德国，吸烟是导致癌症最重要且可能改变的风险因素。烟草与酒精共同作用会使癌症风险成倍增加。高达30%的癌症死亡归因于吸烟。在18至64岁的德国人中，23.3%为当前吸烟者；此外，11%的人群经常暴露于二手烟环境中。吸烟与口咽癌、喉癌、鼻癌、鼻窦癌、肺癌、食管癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肝细胞癌、胆管癌、结直肠癌、肾癌、输尿管癌、膀胱癌、子宫颈癌和卵巢癌以及白血病存在因果关联。应鼓励吸烟者戒烟并参加癌症筛查项目。戒烟能有效降低与烟草相关的癌症风险。
