Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
J Control Release. 2022 Dec;352:1048-1070. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.013. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
Sepsis, a consequence of an imbalanced immune response to infection, is currently one of the leading causes of death globally. Despite advances in the discoveries of potential targets and nanotechnology, sepsis still lacks effective drug delivery systems for optimal treatment. Stimuli-responsive and biomimetic nano delivery systems, specifically, are emerging as advanced bio-inspired nanocarriers for enhancing the treatment of sepsis. Herein, we present a critical review of different stimuli-responsive systems, including pH-; enzyme-; ROS- and toxin-responsive nanocarriers, reported in the delivery of therapeutics for sepsis. Biomimetic nanocarriers, utilizing natural pathways in the inflammatory cascade to optimize sepsis therapy, are also reviewed, in addition to smart, multifunctional vehicles. The review highlights the nanomaterials designed for constructing these systems; their physicochemical properties; the mechanisms of drug release; and their potential for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of their cargo. Current challenges are identified and future avenues for research into the optimization of bio-inspired nano delivery systems for sepsis are also proposed. This review confirms the potential of stimuli-responsive and biomimetic nanocarriers for enhanced therapy against sepsis and related complications.
脓毒症是机体对感染的免疫反应失衡引起的一种疾病，目前是全球主要死亡原因之一。尽管在发现潜在靶点和纳米技术方面取得了进展，但脓毒症仍然缺乏有效的药物输送系统以实现最佳治疗效果。刺激响应型和仿生纳米递药系统作为先进的仿生纳米载体，特别适用于增强脓毒症的治疗。本文对不同刺激响应系统进行了综述，包括 pH 响应、酶响应、ROS 响应和毒素响应纳米载体，这些系统在脓毒症治疗中的治疗药物传递方面有相关报道。此外，还对仿生纳米载体进行了综述，利用炎症级联中的天然途径来优化脓毒症治疗效果，以及智能多功能载体。本文重点介绍了用于构建这些系统的纳米材料、它们的物理化学性质、药物释放机制以及它们对提高货物治疗效果的潜力。本文还确定了当前的挑战，并提出了进一步研究仿生纳米递药系统以优化脓毒症治疗的未来方向。本综述证实了刺激响应型和仿生纳米载体在增强脓毒症及其相关并发症治疗方面的潜力。
