Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Aug 1;2020:8363245. doi: 10.1155/2020/8363245. eCollection 2020.
Neurodegenerative disease is an umbrella term for different conditions which primarily affect the neurons in the human brain. In the last century, significant research has been focused on mechanisms and risk factors relevant to the multifaceted etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are incurable, and the treatments available only control the symptoms or delay the progression of the disease. This review is aimed at characterizing the complex network of molecular mechanisms underpinning acute and chronic neurodegeneration, focusing on the disturbance in redox homeostasis, as a common mechanism behind five pivotal risk factors: aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycation, and vascular injury. Considering the complex multifactorial nature of neurodegenerative diseases, a preventive strategy able to simultaneously target multiple risk factors and disease mechanisms at an early stage is most likely to be effective to slow/halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
神经退行性疾病是一个总称，用于描述主要影响人类大脑神经元的不同疾病。在上个世纪，人们集中研究了与神经退行性疾病多方面病因发病机制相关的机制和风险因素。目前，神经退行性疾病是无法治愈的，现有的治疗方法只能控制症状或延缓疾病的进展。本综述旨在描述支持急性和慢性神经退行性变的复杂分子机制网络，重点关注氧化还原平衡的紊乱，这是五个关键风险因素（衰老、氧化应激、炎症、糖基化和血管损伤）背后的共同机制。鉴于神经退行性疾病的复杂多因素性质，一种能够在早期同时针对多种风险因素和疾病机制的预防策略，很可能会有效地减缓/阻止神经退行性疾病的进展。
