Kim Taeho, Nguyen Phuc, Pham Nhat, Bui Nam, Truong Hoang, Ha Sangtae, Vu Tam
Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.
Front Neurol. 2020 Jul 21;11:701. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00701. eCollection 2020.
One-fourths of the patients have medication-resistant seizures and require seizure detection and treatment continuously to cope with sudden seizures. Seizures can be detected by monitoring the brain and muscle activities, heart rate, oxygen level, artificial sounds, or visual signatures through EEG, EMG, ECG, motion, or audio/video recording on the human head and body. In this article, we first discuss recent advances in seizure sensing, signal processing, time- or frequency-domain analysis, and classification algorithms to detect and classify seizure stages. Then, we show a strong potential of applying recent advancements in non-invasive brain stimulation technology to treat seizures. In particular, we explain the fundamentals of brain stimulation approaches, including (1) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), (2) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (3) transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), and how to use them to treat seizures. Through this review, we intend to provide a broad view of both recent seizure diagnoses and treatments. Such knowledge would help fresh and experienced researchers to capture the advancements in sensing, detection, classification, and treatment seizures. Last but not least, we provide potential research directions that would attract seizure researchers/engineers in the field.
四分之一的患者患有药物难治性癫痫发作,需要持续进行癫痫检测和治疗以应对突然发作。癫痫发作可以通过监测大脑和肌肉活动、心率、血氧水平、人为声音或视觉特征来检测,这些监测可通过脑电图(EEG)、肌电图(EMG)、心电图(ECG)、人体头部和身体上的运动或音频/视频记录来实现。在本文中,我们首先讨论癫痫发作传感、信号处理、时域或频域分析以及用于检测和分类癫痫发作阶段的分类算法方面的最新进展。然后,我们展示了应用非侵入性脑刺激技术的最新进展来治疗癫痫发作的强大潜力。特别是,我们解释了脑刺激方法的基本原理,包括(1)经颅磁刺激(TMS)、(2)经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)、(3)经颅聚焦超声刺激(tFUS)以及如何使用它们来治疗癫痫发作。通过这篇综述,我们旨在提供关于近期癫痫诊断和治疗的广泛观点。这些知识将有助于新手和经验丰富的研究人员了解癫痫发作的传感、检测、分类和治疗方面的进展。最后但同样重要的是,我们提供了可能吸引该领域癫痫研究人员/工程师的潜在研究方向。