Peng Yizhi, Yin Sheng, Wang Min
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Mar 4;17(3):897-903. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1799667. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
Bacterial infection is one of the most common and serious diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) expressed by bacterial cells during infection and their biological functions have been a growing field in recent years. The study of the immune interaction mechanism between EVs and bacteria has become more significant. EVs are released into the extracellular microenvironment during bacterial infection. EVs carry various lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances of host bacteria and participate in various physiological and pathological processes. EV-based vaccines against bacterial infection are also being evaluated. This review focuses on the biological characteristics of EVs, the interaction between EVs and the host immune system, and the potential of EVs as new vaccines. A deeper understanding of the interaction between EVs and the immune system informs on the biological function and heterogeneity of EVs. This knowledge also can facilitate the development and application of EVs and their potential as vaccines.
细菌感染是最常见且严重的疾病之一。细菌细胞在感染过程中表达的细胞外囊泡（EVs）及其生物学功能是近年来一个不断发展的领域。对EVs与细菌之间免疫相互作用机制的研究变得更加重要。在细菌感染期间，EVs被释放到细胞外微环境中。EVs携带宿主细菌的各种脂质、蛋白质、核酸和其他物质，并参与各种生理和病理过程。基于EVs的抗细菌感染疫苗也正在评估中。本综述重点关注EVs的生物学特性、EVs与宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用以及EVs作为新型疫苗的潜力。对EVs与免疫系统之间相互作用的更深入理解有助于了解EVs的生物学功能和异质性。这些知识也有助于EVs的开发和应用及其作为疫苗的潜力。
