Thoutam Akshaya, Breitzig Mason, Lockey Richard, Kolliputi Narasaiah
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
J Cell Commun Signal. 2020 Dec;14(4):469-470. doi: 10.1007/s12079-020-00574-3. Epub 2020 Sep 7.
In the past two decades, two beta-coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), have infected approximately 8000 and 2500 across the globe, respectively (de Wit et al. 2016; Amanat and Krammer 2020). The current viral pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has already affected 4.23 M in less than a year. Of greater concern, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, still has a rapidly increasing global burden (Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). To better understand the biology of COVID-19, an initial barrage of studies compared SARS-CoV-2 to other respiratory viruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Influenza A Virus (IAV). These studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals have a consistent chemokine signature comprising cytokines and monocyte-associated chemokines (CCL2 and CCL8). Therefore, it appears that monocyte cytokine production, particularly in those with a diminished innate immunity, is a driving feature of COVID-19 infection.
在过去二十年中，两种β冠状病毒，即严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-1）和中东呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒（MERS-CoV），分别在全球感染了约8000人和2500人（德威特等人，2016年；阿马纳特和克拉默，2020年）。目前由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的病毒大流行，在不到一年的时间里已经影响了423万人。更令人担忧的是，SARS-CoV-2引起的疾病，即2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），其全球负担仍在迅速增加（吴等人，2020年；朱等人，2020年）。为了更好地了解COVID-19的生物学特性，最初的一系列研究将SARS-CoV-2与其他呼吸道病毒进行了比较：MERS-CoV、SARS-CoV-1、人副流感病毒3型（HPIV3）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和甲型流感病毒（IAV）。这些研究表明，感染SARS-CoV-2的个体具有一致的趋化因子特征，包括细胞因子和单核细胞相关趋化因子（CCL2和CCL8）。因此，单核细胞细胞因子的产生，特别是在先天免疫力减弱的个体中，似乎是COVID-19感染的一个驱动特征。
