Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Trends Immunol. 2020 Oct;41(10):864-877. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.08.008. Epub 2020 Sep 4.
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are highly abundant lung cells with important roles in homeostasis and immunity. Their function influences the outcome of lung infections, lung cancer, and chronic inflammatory disease. Recent findings reveal functional heterogeneity of AMs. Following lung insult, resident AMs can either remain unchanged, acquire new functionality, or be replaced by monocyte-derived AMs. Evidence from mouse models correlates AM function with their embryonic or monocyte origin. We hypothesize that resident AMs are terminally differentiated cells with low responsiveness and limited plasticity, while recruited, monocyte-derived AMs are initially highly immunoreactive but more plastic, able to change their function in response to environmental cues. Understanding cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms determining AM function may provide opportunities for intervention in lung disease.
肺泡巨噬细胞（AMs）是肺组织中含量非常丰富的细胞，在维持肺内稳态和免疫中发挥重要作用。AMs 的功能会影响肺部感染、肺癌和慢性炎症性疾病的结局。最近的研究发现，AMs 具有功能异质性。在肺部损伤后，常驻 AMs 可以保持不变，获得新的功能，或者被单核细胞衍生的 AMs 取代。来自小鼠模型的证据表明 AMs 的功能与其胚胎或单核细胞起源有关。我们假设常驻 AMs 是终末分化的细胞，具有低反应性和有限的可塑性，而募集的单核细胞衍生的 AMs 最初具有高度免疫反应性，但具有更大的可塑性，能够根据环境线索改变其功能。了解决定 AM 功能的细胞内和细胞外机制可能为肺部疾病的干预提供机会。
