Kim Bong Su, Shin Eun-Mi, Park Young Ju, Yang Jeong Oh
Department of Plant Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
Insects. 2020 Sep 4;11(9):599. doi: 10.3390/insects11090599.
The susceptibility of to phosphine (PH), ethyl formate (EF) and their combination (PH + EF) was evaluated in this study. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were subjected to treatment with fumigants to determine the 90% lethal concentration time (LCt) values. Treatment with PH for 20 h resulted in LCt values of 1.15, 1.39, 14.97 and 1.78 mg h/L while treatment with EF resulted in values of 157.96, 187.75, 126.06 and 83.10 mg h/L, respectively. By contrast, the combination of PH + EF resulted in LCt values of 36.05, 44.41, 187.17 and 35.12 mg h/L after 4 h. These results show that, through treatment with PH + EF, control can be achieved at lower concentrations than for treatment with EF alone and at lower exposure times than for treatment with PH alone. The sorption rates of the fumigants on cured tobacco leaves were determined for filling ratios of 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% (). Cured tobacco leaves were treated with either 2 mg/L PH, 114 mg/L EF or 0.5 mg/L PH + 109 mg/L EF. Treatment with PH showed sorption rates of 0.0%, 7.1% and 14.3%. EF, however, showed higher sorption rates of 64.9%, 68.5% and 75.5%, respectively, for the indicated filling ratios. When PH and EF were combined, the sorption rate of PH was 0.0%, while the sorption rates of EF were lower (9.1%, 12.0% and 23.2%) than treatment with only EF. EF required a ventilation time of longer than 22 h to desorb from cured tobacco leaves. Therefore, PH + EF can effectively control in cured tobacco leaves, with sufficient ventilation time required after treatment for the safety of workers.
本研究评估了[某种害虫]对磷化氢（PH）、甲酸乙酯（EF）及其组合（PH + EF）的敏感性。对卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫进行熏蒸剂处理，以确定90%致死浓度时间（LCt）值。用PH处理20小时，LCt值分别为1.15、1.39、14.97和1.78毫克·小时/升，而用EF处理时，LCt值分别为157.96、187.75、126.06和83.10毫克·小时/升。相比之下，PH + EF组合在处理4小时后，LCt值分别为36.05、44.41、187.17和35.12毫克·小时/升。这些结果表明，通过PH + EF处理，与单独使用EF处理相比，可以在更低的浓度下实现防治，与单独使用PH处理相比，可以在更短的暴露时间内实现防治。测定了熏蒸剂在填充率为2.5%、5.0%和10.0%（[此处原文可能有误，推测是指不同填充率下熏蒸剂在烤烟叶片上的吸附率]）的烤烟叶片上的吸附率。用2毫克/升PH、114毫克/升EF或0.5毫克/升PH + 109毫克/升EF处理烤烟叶片。用PH处理时，吸附率分别为0.0%、7.1%和14.3%。然而，对于上述填充率，EF的吸附率分别较高，为64.9%、68.5%和75.5%。当PH和EF组合使用时，PH的吸附率为0.0%，而EF的吸附率低于单独使用EF处理时（分别为9.1%、12.0%和23.2%）。EF需要超过22小时的通风时间才能从烤烟叶片上解吸。因此，PH + EF可以有效防治烤烟叶片中的[某种害虫]，处理后需要足够的通风时间以保障工人安全。
