Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris 75205 Cedex 13, France.
Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5089, CNRS/Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31077, France.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 15;117(37):22639-22648. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2007285117. Epub 2020 Sep 8.
Despite an abundant literature on gold nanoparticles use for biomedicine, only a few of the gold-based nanodevices are currently tested in clinical trials, and none of them are approved by health agencies. Conversely, ionic gold has been used for decades to treat human rheumatoid arthritis and benefits from 70-y hindsight on medical use. With a view to open up new perspectives in gold nanoparticles research and medical use, we revisit here the literature on therapeutic gold salts. We first summarize the literature on gold salt pharmacokinetics, therapeutic effects, adverse reactions, and the present repurposing of these ancient drugs. Owing to these readings, we evidence the existence of a common metabolism of gold nanoparticles and gold ions and propose to use gold salts as a "shortcut" to assess the long-term effects of gold nanoparticles, such as their fate and toxicity, which remain challenging questions nowadays. Moreover, one of gold salts side effects (i.e., a blue discoloration of the skin exposed to light) leads us to propose a strategy to biosynthesize large gold nanoparticles from gold salts using light irradiation. These hypotheses, which will be further investigated in the near future, open up new avenues in the field of ionic gold and gold nanoparticles-based therapies.
尽管有大量关于金纳米粒子在生物医学中应用的文献，但目前只有少数基于金的纳米器件在临床试验中进行了测试，而且没有一个得到卫生机构的批准。相比之下，离子金已经被用于治疗人类类风湿性关节炎数十年，并从 70 年的医学应用中获得了经验。为了开拓金纳米粒子研究和医学应用的新视角，我们在这里重新审视了治疗性金盐的文献。我们首先总结了金盐药代动力学、治疗效果、不良反应以及这些古老药物目前的再利用情况。由于这些阅读材料，我们证明了金纳米粒子和金离子的共同代谢的存在，并提出使用金盐作为评估金纳米粒子长期效应的“捷径”，例如它们的命运和毒性，这些问题至今仍是具有挑战性的。此外，金盐的一种副作用（即暴露在光线下的皮肤变蓝）促使我们提出了一种使用光辐照从金盐生物合成大的金纳米粒子的策略。这些假设将在不久的将来进一步研究，为离子金和基于金纳米粒子的治疗领域开辟新的途径。
