Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA.
Portland State University School of Community Health, Portland, OR, USA.
Am J Mens Health. 2020 Sep-Oct;14(5):1557988320954021. doi: 10.1177/1557988320954021.
Coronaviruses are single-stranded ribonucleic acid viruses that can cause illnesses in humans ranging from the common cold to severe respiratory disease and even death.In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the first pandemic. Compared to women, most countries with available data report that men with COVID-19 have greater disease severity and higher mortality. Lab and animal data indicate that men respond differently to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, offering possible explanations for the epidemiologic observations. The plausible theories underlying these observations include sex-related differences in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, immune function, hormones, habits, and coinfection rates.In this review we examine these factors and explore the rationale as to how each may impact COVID-19. Understanding why men are more likely to experience severe disease can help in developing effective treatments, public health policies, and targeted strategies such as early recognition and aggressive testing in subgroups.
冠状病毒是单链核糖核酸病毒，可导致人类出现从普通感冒到严重呼吸道疾病甚至死亡等各种疾病。2020 年 3 月，世界卫生组织宣布由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 年新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）为第一次大流行。与女性相比，大多数有可用数据的国家报告称，COVID-19 男性的疾病严重程度更高，死亡率也更高。实验室和动物数据表明，男性对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的反应不同，这为这些流行病学观察结果提供了可能的解释。这些观察结果背后的合理理论包括血管紧张素转换酶 2 受体、免疫功能、激素、习惯和合并感染率方面的性别差异。在这篇综述中，我们研究了这些因素，并探讨了它们中的每一个因素是如何影响 COVID-19 的。了解为什么男性更容易出现严重疾病有助于开发有效的治疗方法、公共卫生政策和有针对性的策略，例如在亚组中进行早期识别和积极检测。
