Salcedo-Porras Nicolas, Umaña-Diaz Claudia, Bitencourt Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa, Lowenberger Carl
Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000 Seropédica, Brazil.
Microorganisms. 2020 Sep 19;8(9):1438. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8091438.
Insects have established mutualistic symbiotic interactions with microorganisms that are beneficial to both host and symbiont. Many insects have exploited these symbioses to diversify and expand their ecological ranges. In the Hemiptera (i.e., aphids, cicadas, and true bugs), symbioses have established and evolved with obligatory essential microorganisms (primary symbionts) and with facultative beneficial symbionts (secondary symbionts). Primary symbionts are usually intracellular microorganisms found in insects with specialized diets such as obligate hematophagy or phytophagy. Most Heteroptera (true bugs), however, have gastrointestinal (GI) tract extracellular symbionts with functions analogous to primary endosymbionts. The triatomines, are vectors of the human parasite, A description of their small GI tract microbiota richness was based on a few culturable microorganisms first described almost a century ago. A growing literature describes more complex interactions between triatomines and bacteria with properties characteristic of both primary and secondary symbionts. In this review, we provide an evolutionary perspective of beneficial symbioses in the Hemiptera, illustrating the context that may drive the evolution of symbioses in triatomines. We highlight the diversity of the triatomine microbiota, bacterial taxa with potential to be beneficial symbionts, the unique characteristics of triatomine-bacteria symbioses, and the interactions among trypanosomes, microbiota, and triatomines.
昆虫已经与微生物建立了互利共生的相互作用，这种相互作用对宿主和共生体都有益。许多昆虫利用这些共生关系实现了多样化并扩大了其生态范围。在半翅目（即蚜虫、蝉和蝽象）中，共生关系已与必需的基本微生物（初级共生体）和兼性有益共生体（次级共生体）建立并进化。初级共生体通常是细胞内微生物，存在于具有特殊食性的昆虫中，如专性吸血或植食性昆虫。然而，大多数异翅亚目（蝽象）具有胃肠道细胞外共生体，其功能类似于初级内共生体。锥蝽是人类寄生虫的传播媒介，对其小型胃肠道微生物群丰富度的描述最初基于近一个世纪前首次描述的少数可培养微生物。越来越多的文献描述了锥蝽与具有初级和次级共生体特征的细菌之间更复杂的相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们提供了半翅目有益共生关系的进化视角，阐述了可能推动锥蝽共生关系进化的背景。我们强调了锥蝽微生物群的多样性、具有成为有益共生体潜力的细菌类群、锥蝽与细菌共生关系的独特特征，以及锥虫、微生物群和锥蝽之间的相互作用。
