Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, People's Republic of China.
Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2022 Feb;36(1):157-172. doi: 10.1007/s10557-020-07080-z. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
Hypertension, a chronic and progressive disease, is an outstanding public health issue that affects nearly 40% of the adults worldwide. The increasing prevalence of hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite of the available treatment medications, an increasing number of hypertensive individuals continues to have uncontrolled blood pressure. In the vasculature, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and adventitial fibroblasts play a fundamental role in vascular homeostasis. The aberrant interactions between vascular cells might lead to hypertension and vascular remodeling. Identification of the precise mechanisms of vascular remodeling may be highly required to develop effective therapeutic approaches for hypertension. Recently, extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of proteins or noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) between vascular cells holds promise for the treatment of hypertension. Especially, extracellular vesicle-packaging ncRNAs have gained enormous attention of basic and clinical scientists because of their tremendous potential to act as novel clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets of hypertension. Here we will discuss the current findings focusing on the emerging roles of extracellular vesicle-carrying ncRNAs in the pathologies of hypertension and its associated vascular remodeling. Furthermore, we will highlight the potential of extracellular vesicles and ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hypertension. The future research directions on the challenges and perspectives of extracellular vesicles and ncRNAs in hypertensive vascular remodeling are also proposed.
高血压是一种慢性进行性疾病，是全球近 40%的成年人面临的一个突出的公共卫生问题。高血压的患病率不断上升是心血管发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。尽管有可用的治疗药物，但越来越多的高血压患者的血压仍然无法得到控制。在血管中，内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMCs) 和外膜成纤维细胞在血管稳态中起着至关重要的作用。血管细胞之间异常的相互作用可能导致高血压和血管重塑。因此，确定血管重塑的确切机制对于开发治疗高血压的有效方法非常重要。最近，血管细胞之间通过细胞外囊泡转移蛋白质或非编码 RNA（ncRNA）为高血压的治疗提供了新的希望。特别是，细胞外囊泡包装的 ncRNA 因其作为新型临床生物标志物和高血压治疗靶点的巨大潜力，引起了基础和临床科学家的极大关注。在这里，我们将讨论目前的研究结果，重点介绍细胞外囊泡携带的 ncRNA 在高血压及其相关血管重塑病理中的新作用。此外，我们将强调细胞外囊泡和 ncRNA 作为高血压生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。还提出了细胞外囊泡和 ncRNA 在高血压血管重塑方面的挑战和展望的未来研究方向。
