Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon, and Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, The Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, and Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nutr Rev. 2021 May 12;79(6):627-635. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa095.
A comprehensive overview is presented of the nutritional issues faced by people who use drugs or are undergoing treatment for recovery. Chronic substance use affects a person's nutritional status and body composition through decreased intake, nutrient absorption, and dysregulation of hormones that alter the mechanisms of satiety and food intake. Anthropometrics alone is not the best indicator of nutritional status, because this population has hidden deficiencies and disturbed metabolic parameters. Socioeconomic factors (eg, higher education, higher income, presence of a partner, living at home) positively affect nutritional status. Scarce available data on users undergoing treatment indicate improvement in anthropometric and metabolic parameters but with micronutrient intake remaining suboptimal. Weight gain is noted especially among women who use drugs and potentially increases their risk of relapse. Finally, specific amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids are promising in decreasing relapse and improving mental health during treatment; however, additional high-quality studies are needed. Nutrition intervention for people who use drugs or are undergoing treatment for recovery is underused; comprehensive programs addressing this population's unique needs are necessary. Future research will identify which components are needed.
本文全面概述了吸毒者或正在接受康复治疗者所面临的营养问题。慢性物质使用会通过减少摄入、营养吸收和激素失调来影响人体的营养状况和身体成分，从而改变饱腹感和食物摄入的机制。人体测量学本身并不是营养状况的最佳指标，因为这一人群存在隐性缺乏和代谢参数紊乱。社会经济因素（例如，较高的教育程度、较高的收入、伴侣的存在、居住在家里）会对营养状况产生积极影响。关于正在接受治疗的使用者的稀缺数据表明，人体测量和代谢参数有所改善，但微量营养素摄入仍不理想。体重增加尤其在吸毒的女性中很常见，这可能会增加她们复发的风险。最后，特定的氨基酸和欧米伽 3 脂肪酸有望减少复发并在治疗期间改善心理健康；然而，还需要更多高质量的研究。针对吸毒者或正在接受康复治疗者的营养干预措施尚未得到充分利用；有必要针对这一人群的独特需求制定综合方案。未来的研究将确定需要哪些成分。
