Application of Probiotic Yeasts on Species Associated Infection.

Superficial and life-threatening invasive infections are a major clinical challenge in hospitalized and immuno-compromised patients. Emerging drug-resistance among species is exacerbated by the limited availability of antifungals and their associated side-effects. In the current review, we discuss the application of probiotic yeasts as a potential alternative/ combination therapy against infections. Preclinical studies have identified several probiotic yeasts that effectively inhibit virulence of species, including , , , , and However, var. is the only probiotic yeast commercially available. In addition, clinical studies have further confirmed the in vitro and in vivo activity of the probiotic yeasts against species. Probiotics use a variety of protective mechanisms, including posing a physical barrier, the ability to aggregate pathogens and render them avirulent. Secreted metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids effectively inhibit the adhesion and morphological transition of species. Overall, the probiotic yeasts could be a promising effective alternative or combination therapy for infections. Additional studies would bolster the application of probiotic yeasts.