The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH, USA.
J Prim Care Community Health. 2020 Jan-Dec;11:2150132720945898. doi: 10.1177/2150132720945898.
Obesity and chronic disease risk are significantly related to healthy lifestyle behavior, including dietary intakes. Further, the interrelated etiology of many chronic conditions supports the comorbidity in US adults to manage multiple diagnoses. The purpose of this study was to assess diet quality across varying numbers of existing conditions, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension.
Cross-sectional analysis of data from 17 356 adults aged 45 years and older from the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were assessed for the presence of overweight or obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m), hyperglycemia (glycated hemoglobin >5.7%), hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dL), and high blood pressure (>120/80 mm Hg). Overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index 2015 scores computed from the intakes reported during the 24-hour dietary recall collected in the mobile examination center. The total score (range 0-100) is based on the sum of 13 subscales that represent concordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Few adults presented with no markers of chronic disease (n = 407), with other presenting 1 indicator (n = 1978), 2 indicators (n = 4614), 3 indicators (n = 6319), and all 4 indicators (4038). While there was no significant difference in mean energy intakes on the day of intake, those with all 4 markers of chronic disease had a significantly poorer diet quality ( < .001) and consumed significantly more saturated fat ( = .026), but significantly less total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and added sugars ( < .005). While mean consumption of protein was lowest in those with more chronic conditions, the differences were not significant.
Overall dietary intakes from the day of intake indicated that those with a greater number of chronic conditions presented with poorer overall dietary intakes. The foundational intervention strategy across all evidence-based treatment strategies is the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors.
肥胖和慢性病风险与健康的生活方式行为显著相关，包括饮食摄入。此外，许多慢性病的相互关联的病因支持美国成年人同时管理多种诊断。本研究的目的是评估不同数量现有疾病（包括肥胖、高胆固醇血症、高血糖和高血压）患者的饮食质量。
对 2005-2016 年全国健康与营养调查中年龄在 45 岁及以上的 17356 名成年人进行横断面分析，评估超重或肥胖（体重指数>25kg/m）、高血糖（糖化血红蛋白>5.7%）、高胆固醇血症（>200mg/dL）和高血压（>120/80mmHg）的存在情况。使用 24 小时饮食回忆中报告的摄入量计算 2015 年健康饮食指数（HEI-2015）得分来评估整体饮食质量。总分为 0-100 分，基于代表与美国人饮食指南一致的 13 个子项的总和。
很少有成年人没有慢性病标志物（n=407），其他成年人有 1 个标志物（n=1978）、2 个标志物（n=4614）、3 个标志物（n=6319）和所有 4 个标志物（n=4038）。虽然当天的平均能量摄入量没有显著差异，但所有 4 个慢性病标志物的人饮食质量明显较差（<.001），并且消耗了更多的饱和脂肪（=.026），但总碳水化合物、膳食纤维和添加糖的摄入量明显较少（<.005）。虽然蛋白质的平均摄入量在慢性病较多的人群中最低，但差异不显著。
从当天的饮食摄入量来看，患有更多慢性疾病的人整体饮食摄入量较差。所有基于证据的治疗策略的基础干预策略是促进健康的生活方式行为。
