Milman Nils Thorm
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Næstved Hospital, University College Zealand, DK-4700 Næstved, Denmark.
J Nutr Metab. 2020 Sep 14;2020:7373498. doi: 10.1155/2020/7373498. eCollection 2020.
To provide an overview of nutrients and compounds, which influence human intestinal iron absorption, thereby making a platform for elaboration of dietary recommendations that can reduce iron uptake in patients with genetic haemochromatosis.
Review. . A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar of papers dealing with iron absorption.
The most important promoters of iron absorption in foods are ascorbic acid, lactic acid (produced by fermentation), meat factors in animal meat, the presence of heme iron, and alcohol which stimulate iron uptake by inhibition of hepcidin expression. The most important inhibitors of iron uptake are phytic acid/phytates, polyphenols/tannins, proteins from soya beans, milk, eggs, and calcium. Oxalic acid/oxalate does not seem to influence iron uptake. Turmeric/curcumin may stimulate iron uptake through a decrease in hepcidin expression and inhibit uptake by complex formation with iron, but the net effect has not been clarified.
In haemochromatosis, iron absorption is enhanced due to a decreased expression of hepcidin. Dietary modifications that lower iron intake and decrease iron bioavailability may provide additional measures to reduce iron uptake from the foods. This could stimulate the patients' active cooperation in the treatment of their disorder and reduce the number of phlebotomies.
概述影响人体肠道铁吸收的营养素和化合物，从而为制定能减少遗传性血色素沉着症患者铁吸收的饮食建议搭建一个平台。
综述。在PubMed和谷歌学术上检索有关铁吸收的论文。
食物中铁吸收的最重要促进因素是抗坏血酸、（发酵产生的）乳酸、动物肉中的肉类因子、血红素铁的存在以及通过抑制铁调素表达来刺激铁吸收的酒精。铁吸收的最重要抑制剂是植酸/植酸盐、多酚/单宁、大豆、牛奶、鸡蛋中的蛋白质以及钙。草酸/草酸盐似乎不影响铁吸收。姜黄/姜黄素可能通过降低铁调素表达来刺激铁吸收，并通过与铁形成复合物来抑制吸收，但净效应尚未明确。
在血色素沉着症中，由于铁调素表达降低，铁吸收增强。降低铁摄入量并降低铁生物利用度的饮食调整可能为减少食物中铁的吸收提供额外措施。这可以促使患者积极配合治疗其疾病，并减少放血次数。
