Cappitelli Francesca, Cattò Cristina, Villa Federica
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2020 Oct 7;8(10):1542. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8101542.
The microbial deterioration of cultural heritage includes physical and chemical damage as well as aesthetic alteration. With the technological advancement, a plethora of techniques for removing unwanted microorganisms have opened up new opportunities for microbiologists and conservators. This article reviews the most applied, up-to-date, and sustainable techniques developed for the control of cultural heritage microbial deterioration presenting noteworthy case studies. These techniques include chemical methods, i.e., traditional biocides and nanoparticles; physical methods, such as mechanical removal, UV irradiation, gamma radiation, laser cleaning, heat shocking, microwaves, and dry ice treatment; and biological methods, such as natural molecules with biocidal activity, enzymes, and microorganisms. The application of control systems requires the comprehension of their behavior toward the unwanted microorganisms and possible interactions with the heritage materials. This overview shows also the control methods drawbacks for the purpose of creating awareness in selecting the most suitable technique or combination of techniques.
文化遗产的微生物劣化包括物理和化学损伤以及美学改变。随着技术的进步，大量去除有害微生物的技术为微生物学家和文物保护者带来了新机遇。本文回顾了为控制文化遗产微生物劣化而开发的最常用、最新且可持续的技术，并呈现了值得关注的案例研究。这些技术包括化学方法，即传统杀菌剂和纳米颗粒；物理方法，如机械去除、紫外线照射、伽马辐射、激光清洗、热激、微波和干冰处理；以及生物方法，如具有杀菌活性的天然分子、酶和微生物。控制系统的应用需要了解其对有害微生物的作用以及与遗产材料可能的相互作用。本综述还展示了控制方法的缺点，以便在选择最合适的技术或技术组合时提高认识。
