Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Intern Emerg Med. 2021 Jan;16(1):49-60. doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02525-7. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
The Refeeding Syndrome (RFS) is a potentially serious, but still overlooked condition, occurring in individuals who are rapidly fed after a period of severe undernourishment. RFS derives from an abnormal electrolyte and fluid shifts leading to many organ dysfunctions. Symptoms generally appear within 2-5 days of re-feeding and may be absent/mild or severe and life threating, depending on the pre-existing degree of malnutrition and comorbidities. The lack of a standard definition and the nonspecificity of the symptoms make both incidence estimate and diagnosis difficult. In 2020, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) proposed a unifying definition for the RFS and its severity classification. The awareness of the condition is crucial for identifying patients at risk, preventing its occurrence, and improving the management. The objectives of this narrative review were to summarize the current knowledge and recommendations about the RFS and to provide useful tips to help physicians to recognize and prevent the syndrome.
再喂养综合征（RFS）是一种潜在的严重但仍被忽视的疾病，发生在经历严重营养不良后快速进食的个体中。RFS 源于电解质和液体异常转移，导致多个器官功能障碍。症状通常在重新喂养后 2-5 天内出现，根据先前存在的营养不良程度和合并症，可能表现为无症状/轻度、严重或危及生命。缺乏标准定义和症状的非特异性使得发病率估计和诊断都变得困难。2020 年，美国肠外与肠内营养学会（ASPEN）提出了一个统一的 RFS 及其严重程度分类定义。了解这种疾病对于识别有风险的患者、预防其发生以及改善管理至关重要。本综述的目的是总结目前关于 RFS 的知识和建议，并提供有用的提示，以帮助医生识别和预防该综合征。
