Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Elife. 2020 Oct 21;9:e60853. doi: 10.7554/eLife.60853.
Sleep is essential but incompatible with other behaviors, and thus sleep drive competes with other motivations. We previously showed males balance sleep and courtship via octopaminergic neurons that act upstream of courtship-regulating P1 neurons (Machado et al., 2017). Here, we show nutrition modulates the sleep-courtship balance and identify sleep-regulatory neurons downstream of P1 neurons. Yeast-deprived males exhibited attenuated female-induced nighttime sleep loss yet normal daytime courtship, which suggests male flies consider nutritional status in deciding whether the potential benefit of pursuing female partners outweighs the cost of losing sleep. Trans-synaptic tracing and calcium imaging identified dopaminergic neurons projecting to the protocerebral bridge (DA-PB) as postsynaptic partners of P1 neurons. Activation of DA-PB neurons led to reduced sleep in normally fed but not yeast-deprived males. Additional PB-projecting neurons regulated male sleep, suggesting several groups of PB-projecting neurons act downstream of P1 neurons to mediate nutritional modulation of the sleep-courtship balance.
睡眠是必需的，但与其他行为不相容，因此睡眠驱动力与其他动机竞争。我们之前表明，雄性通过作用于求偶调节 P1 神经元上游的章鱼胺能神经元来平衡睡眠和求偶（Machado 等人，2017）。在这里，我们展示了营养如何调节睡眠-求偶平衡，并确定了 P1 神经元下游的睡眠调节神经元。酵母剥夺的雄性表现出夜间睡眠减少但白天求偶正常，这表明雄性果蝇在决定是否追求雌性伴侣的潜在收益超过失去睡眠的成本时会考虑营养状况。突触传递和钙成像鉴定出投射到protocerebral bridge（DA-PB）的多巴胺能神经元是 P1 神经元的突触后伙伴。在正常喂养但不是酵母剥夺的雄性中，激活 DA-PB 神经元会导致睡眠减少。其他投射到 PB 的神经元调节雄性睡眠，这表明几组投射到 PB 的神经元作用于 P1 神经元下游，介导营养对睡眠-求偶平衡的调节。
