Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE.
Pharmacy Department, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, UAE.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Oct 22;20(1):1595. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09707-0.
Since the time of declaration of global pandemic of COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO), falsified hand sanitizers surfaced regularly in markets, posing possible harm to public due to unlisted inclusion of methanol. The current research is an attempt to develop and validate a tool to document falsified hand sanitizer in the UAE community.
A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 1280 randomly selected participants. Respondents were sent a web-based electronic link to the survey via email. Content validity, factor analyses and known group validity were used to develop and validate a new scale to identify falsified hand sanitizer. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the reliability of the scale. SPSS version 24 was used to conduct data analysis.
A total of 1280 participants were enrolled in the study. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.83 with the final scale of 12 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.788, with the Bartlett test of sphericity achieving statistical significance (p < 0.001). Our factor analysis revealed a 3-component model. The 3-factor solution was confirmed by PCFA analysis and had associations with good fit values. The PCFA for NFI was 0.970, CFI 0.978, and TLI 0.967. All values were in excess of 0.95, with RMSEA values below 0.06 at 0.03; all of these values indicated a good model fit. The Cronbach's alpha was good overall (0.867). All factors had a Cronbach's alpha value in excess of 0.70. The instrument demonstrated that every item met the IIC correlation standard ≥0.40. The scale displayed good overall ICC statistics of 0.867 (95% CI 0.856-0.877) with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The scale's test-retest reliability was assessed through correlation of the falsified hand sanitizer identification score of respondents at the two time points. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.770 (p value < 0.01). Participants with post-graduate education were more likely to identify the falsified hand sanitizer compared to those with high school education. (p < 0.001).
This study developed and validated a new scale for the measurement of falsified hand sanitizer. This is expected to improve and promote collaboration between the health regulators and the public and hereby encourage customer satisfaction and participation.
自世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布 COVID-19 大流行以来，假冒洗手液经常出现在市场上，由于未列出甲醇的含量，可能对公众造成伤害。目前的研究旨在开发和验证一种工具，以记录阿联酋社区的假冒洗手液。
对 1280 名随机选择的参与者进行描述性横断面社区研究。通过电子邮件向受访者发送了一个基于网络的电子链接进行调查。使用内容有效性、因素分析和已知组有效性来开发和验证一种新的识别假冒洗手液的量表。使用重测信度、内部一致性、项目内部一致性（IIC）和组内相关系数（ICC）来评估量表的可靠性。使用 SPSS 版本 24 进行数据分析。
共有 1280 名参与者参加了这项研究。内容有效性指数（CVI）为 0.83，最终量表为 12 项。Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin（KMO）值为 0.788，Bartlett 球形检验具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。我们的因素分析显示出 3 个组成部分的模型。3 因素解决方案通过 PCFA 分析得到确认，与良好的拟合值相关联。NFI 的 PCFA 为 0.970，CFI 为 0.978，TLI 为 0.967。所有值均超过 0.95，RMSEA 值低于 0.06，为 0.03；所有这些值均表示模型拟合良好。Cronbach 的 alpha 总体良好（0.867）。所有因子的 Cronbach 的 alpha 值均超过 0.70。该工具显示每个项目均符合 IIC 相关标准≥0.40。该量表显示出良好的整体 ICC 统计数据，总体 ICC 为 0.867（95%CI 0.856-0.877），具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。通过在两个时间点对受访者的假冒洗手液识别得分进行相关性评估，对量表的重测信度进行了评估。重测相关系数为 0.770（p 值<0.01）。与高中教育相比，具有研究生教育背景的参与者更有可能识别出假冒洗手液。（p<0.001）。
本研究开发并验证了一种用于测量假冒洗手液的新量表。这有望提高和促进卫生监管机构与公众之间的合作，从而鼓励客户满意度和参与度。
