Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 20123, Milano, Italy.
Cerebellum. 2021 Apr;20(2):282-294. doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01207-6. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
Evidence reported in recent decades increasingly confirms that both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia, which are primarily involved in movement control, also have a significant role in a vast range of cognitive and affective functions. Evidence from pathology indicates that the disorders of some aspects of language production which follow damage of the cerebellum or respectively basal ganglia, i.e., disorders of speech, word fluency, and sentence construction, have identifiable neuropsychological profiles and that most manifestations can be specifically attributed to the dysfunctions of mechanisms supported by one or the other of these structures. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia are reciprocally interconnected. Thus, it is plausible that some disorders observed when damage involves one of these structures could be remote effects of abnormal activity in the other. However, in a purely clinical-neuropsychological perspective, primary and remote effects in the network are difficult to disentangle. Functional neuroimaging and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques likely represent the indispensable support for achieving this goal.
近几十年来的证据越来越多地证实，主要参与运动控制的小脑和基底神经节在广泛的认知和情感功能中也具有重要作用。来自病理学的证据表明，小脑或基底神经节损伤后出现的某些语言产生方面的障碍，即言语、词汇流畅性和句子结构的障碍，具有可识别的神经心理学特征，并且大多数表现可以具体归因于一个或另一个结构支持的机制功能障碍。小脑和基底神经节是相互关联的。因此，当损伤涉及其中一个结构时，观察到的一些障碍可能是另一个结构异常活动的远程影响。然而，在纯粹的临床神经心理学视角下，网络中的主要和远程影响很难区分。功能神经影像学和非侵入性脑刺激技术可能是实现这一目标不可或缺的支持。
