Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Banting House National Historic Site of Canada, Diabetes Canada, London, ON, Canada.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Dec;8(12):971-977. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30337-5. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
At 2:00 h on Oct 31, 1920, Frederick G Banting, a surgeon practising in London, ON, Canada, conceived an idea to isolate the internal secretion of the pancreas. The following week, he met with noted scientist John J R Macleod in Toronto, ON, Canada, and they developed a research plan. By August, 1921, Banting and his student assistant Charles H Best had prepared an effective extract from a canine pancreas. In January, 1922, biochemist James B Collip isolated insulin that was sufficiently pure for human use. On Oct 25, 1923, Banting and Macleod received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of insulin. Here, we recount the most relevant events before and after the fateful early morning of Oct 31, 1920, which culminated in the discovery and clinical use of insulin.
1920 年 10 月 31 日 2 时，加拿大安大略省伦敦市的外科医生弗雷德里克·G·班廷有了一个想法，要分离胰腺的内分泌物。接下来的一周，他在加拿大安大略省多伦多会见了著名科学家约翰·J·R·麦克劳德，他们制定了一个研究计划。到 1921 年 8 月，班廷和他的学生助手查尔斯·H·贝斯特已经从犬胰腺中制备出一种有效的提取物。1922 年 1 月，生物化学家詹姆斯·B·科利普分离出了足够纯净可用于人体的胰岛素。1923 年 10 月 25 日，班廷和麦克劳德因发现胰岛素而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。在这里，我们讲述了在 1920 年 10 月 31 日那个决定性的清晨之前和之后的最重要事件，这些事件最终导致了胰岛素的发现和临床应用。
