Di Monte Cinzia, Monaco Silvia, Mariani Rachele, Di Trani Michela
Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 2;11:567201. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567201. eCollection 2020.
During the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italy, general practitioners (GPs) are ensuring continued access to primary care for citizens while also absorbing more of the impact of the crisis than most professional groups. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between dimensions of burnout and various psychological features among Italian GPs during the COVID-19 emergency. A group of 102 GPs completed self-administered questionnaires available online through Google Forms, including Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Resilience Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form (IU), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Cluster analysis highlighted four distinct burnout risk profiles: Low Burnout, Medium Risk, High Risk, and High Burnout. The High Burnout group showed both lower Resilience and lower CISS Task-oriented coping strategy than the Medium Risk group and higher IU Prospective than the Low Burnout group. Results of a linear regression analysis confirmed that CISS Emotion-oriented style positively predicted MBI Emotional Exhaustion, CISS Task-oriented and Emotion-oriented emerged as significant predictors (negatively and positively, respectively) of MBI Depersonalization, and Resilience positively predicted MBI Personal Accomplishment. In conclusion, the results showed that the COVID-19 emergency had a significant impact on GPs' work management. Implementing task-oriented problem management, rather than emotional strategies, appears to protect against burnout in these circumstances. It is possible that the emotions related to the pandemic are too intense to be regulated and used productively to manage the professional issues that the COVID-19 pandemic presents.
在意大利2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，全科医生（GPs）在确保公民能够持续获得初级医疗服务的同时，也比大多数专业群体承受了更多危机带来的影响。本研究旨在探讨COVID-19紧急情况期间意大利全科医生职业倦怠各维度与各种心理特征之间的关系。一组102名全科医生通过谷歌表单在线完成了自填式问卷，问卷包括马氏职业倦怠量表（MBI）、复原力量表、不确定性不耐受量表简版（IU）和应激情境应对量表（CISS）。聚类分析突出了四种不同的职业倦怠风险概况：低职业倦怠、中度风险、高风险和高度职业倦怠。高度职业倦怠组的复原力和CISS任务导向应对策略均低于中度风险组，且IU前瞻性高于低职业倦怠组。线性回归分析结果证实，CISS情绪导向风格正向预测MBI情感耗竭，CISS任务导向和情绪导向分别作为MBI去个性化的显著预测因子（分别为负向和正向），复原力正向预测MBI个人成就感。总之，结果表明COVID-19紧急情况对全科医生的工作管理产生了重大影响。在这种情况下，实施任务导向的问题管理而非情感策略似乎可以预防职业倦怠。与大流行相关的情绪可能过于强烈，难以调节并有效地用于处理COVID-19大流行带来的专业问题。
