von Baumgarten R J
Department of Physiology, University of Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany.
Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1987;244(3):135-42. doi: 10.1007/BF00464257.
Different methods are described to experimentally achieve weightlessness. Since the function of the otolith system depends on the presence of contact forces opposing gravity, it is disabled in weightlessness and may send misleading positional information to the brain. Without the contributions of the otolith system it is difficult in space to distinguish self-motion from object motion. Furthermore, the disintegration of information from the neck position receptors from those of the otolith system can lead to additional illusory positional sensations. Since the function of the semicircular canal system in previous space flights was found to be essentially undisturbed, the vestibular experiments in the Spacelab-D1 missions concentrated more on the otolith system. The function of other orientational cues from the visual system, the semicircular canal system and proprioception can be studied in isolation from the otolith system in space. In the Spacelab-D1 mission, the space vestibular sled was used as a device for studying linear acceleration. The vestibular helmet "permitted" video and EOG recordings of all eye movements and provided caloric and optokinetic stimulation. Various factors contributing to static and dynamic forms of space sickness are identified.
人们描述了多种通过实验实现失重的方法。由于耳石系统的功能依赖于对抗重力的接触力的存在，在失重状态下它会失效，并可能向大脑发送误导性的位置信息。没有耳石系统的作用，在太空中很难区分自身运动和物体运动。此外，来自颈部位置感受器的信息与耳石系统的信息分离，可能会导致额外的虚幻位置感觉。由于在之前的太空飞行中发现半规管系统的功能基本未受干扰，Spacelab-D1任务中的前庭实验更多地集中在耳石系统上。在太空中，可以将来自视觉系统、半规管系统和本体感觉的其他定向线索的功能与耳石系统分开研究。在Spacelab-D1任务中，太空前庭雪橇被用作研究线性加速度的设备。前庭头盔“允许”对所有眼球运动进行视频和眼电图记录，并提供冷热和视动刺激。确定了导致静态和动态形式太空病的各种因素。
