不同水平的微生物发酵或酶处理干燥啤酒糟对肉鸡生长、消化和营养转运蛋白基因表达及成本效益的影响。

Effects of graded levels of microbial fermented or enzymatically treated dried brewer's grains on growth, digestive and nutrient transporter genes expression and cost effectiveness in broiler chickens.

机构信息

Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box:24885, 13109, Safat, Kuwait.

Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Economics and Farm Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

出版信息

BMC Vet Res. 2020 Nov 5;16(1):424. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02603-0.

BACKGROUND

Poultry feed consists mainly of conventional grains and protein supplements, however, using treated unconventional agro-industrial by-products as replacements of corn soybean-based diet can minimize production costs and improve productivity. Therefore, in this study, the effects of fermented or enzymatically treated dried brewer grains (DBG) on growth, expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters genes and the profitability of the rations were evaluated. A total of 1600 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly distributed in 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (eight treatments with ten replicates, 20 birds/replicate). Experimental diets included two controls; negative control (basal corn-soybean diet; NC) and positive control (basal corn-soybean diet with exogenous enzymes; PC), and six diets in which basal diet was replaced by three levels of fermented DBG (FDBG; 5, 10 or 15%), or enzyme-treated DBG (DBG 5, 10 or 15%+Enz), for 38 days.

RESULTS

The results described that feeding FDBG (three levels) or DBG5%+Enz improved (P < 0.05) BW gain and feed efficiency of broilers. Also, feeding FDBG10% yielded the best improvement in weight gain (10%), compared to NC group. Increasing the inclusion levels of DBG either fermented or enzymatically treated up-regulated (p < 0.01) expression of digestive-genes in proventriculus (PGC and PGA5, range 1.4-1.8 fold), pancreas (AMY2A, PNLIP, CELA1, and CCK; range 1.2-2.3 fold) and duodenum (CAT1, CAT2, GLUT1, GLUT2, LAT1, Pep1; range 1.3-3 fold) when compared to NC group. Feeding treated DBG significantly increased (p < 0.05, range 4.5-13.6%) gizzard relative weight compared to NC and PC groups. An additional benefit was lower (p < 0.01) cholesterol content from 66.9 mg/100 mg (NC) to 62.8 mg/100 mg (FDBG5 or 10%) in thigh meat. Furthermore, the least cost feed/kg body gain was achieved in FDBG10% and DBG5%+Enz groups, with approx. 16% reduction compared to NC cost, leading to increasing the income gross margin by 47% and 40% in FDBG10% and DBG5%+Enz groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Substitution of corn-soybean based diet with 10% FDBG or 5% DBG+Enz resulted in better growth and higher economic efficiency of broilers chickens.

背景

家禽饲料主要由常规谷物和蛋白质补充剂组成，然而，使用经过处理的非常规农业工业副产品替代玉米-大豆基础日粮可以最大限度地降低生产成本并提高生产力。因此，在这项研究中，评估了发酵或酶处理的干啤酒糟（DBG）对生长、消化酶表达和营养转运蛋白基因的影响，以及日粮的盈利性。总共 1600 只 1 日龄的罗斯 308 肉鸡雏鸡被随机分配到 2×4 因子排列（八个处理，每个处理 10 个重复，每个重复 20 只鸡）。实验日粮包括两个对照；负对照（基础玉米-大豆日粮；NC）和正对照（基础玉米-大豆日粮加外源性酶；PC），以及六种基础日粮用三种水平的发酵 DBG（FDBG；5、10 或 15%）或酶处理的 DBG（DBG5%+Enz）代替的日粮，持续 38 天。

结果

结果表明，饲喂 FDBG（三个水平）或 DBG5%+Enz 可提高（P<0.05）肉鸡的体重增加和饲料效率。此外，与 NC 组相比，饲喂 FDBG10%可使增重提高 10%。无论是发酵还是酶处理的 DBG 的添加水平增加，都可上调前胃（PGC 和 PGA5，幅度为 1.4-1.8 倍）、胰腺（AMY2A、PNLIP、CELA1 和 CCK；幅度为 1.2-2.3 倍）和十二指肠（CAT1、CAT2、GLUT1、GLUT2、LAT1、Pep1；幅度为 1.3-3 倍）中消化基因的表达，与 NC 组相比。与 NC 和 PC 组相比，饲喂处理后的 DBG 可显著增加（P<0.05，幅度为 4.5-13.6%）肌胃相对重量。此外，大腿肉中的胆固醇含量从 66.9mg/100mg（NC）降低到 62.8mg/100mg（FDBG5 或 10%），这一效果也很显著（P<0.01）。此外，FDBG10%和 DBG5%+Enz 组的饲料成本/体重增加最低，与 NC 成本相比降低了约 16%，从而使 FDBG10%和 DBG5%+Enz 组的收入毛利分别增加了 47%和 40%。